GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategies Article Swipe
Ahmed Ragheb
,
Peter J. Clarke
,
Stuart Edwards
·
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3
Multipath error is considered one of the major errors affecting GPS observations. One can benefit from the repetition of satellite geometry approximately every sidereal day, and apply filtering to help minimize this error. For GPS data at 1 second interval processed using a double-difference strategy, using the day-to-day coordinate or phase residual autocorrelation determined with a 10 hour window leads to the steadiest estimates of the error-repeat lag, although a window as short as 2 hours can produce an acceptable value with >97% of the optimal lag’s correlation. We conclude that although the lag may vary with time, such variation is marginal and there is little advantage in using a satellite-specific or other time-varying lag in double-difference processing.We filter the GPS data either by stacking a number of days of processed coordinate residuals using the optimum “sidereal” lag (23h 55m 54s), and removing these stacked residuals from the day in question (coordinate space), or by a similar method using double-difference phase residuals (observational space). Either method results in more consistent and homogeneous set of coordinates throughout the dataset compared with unfiltered processing. Coordinate stacking reduces geometry-related repeating errors (mainly multipath) better than phase residual stacking, although the latter takes less processing time to achieve final filtered coordinates. Thus the optimal stacking method will depend on whether coordinate precision or computational time is the over-riding criterion.
Related Topics
Concepts
Sidereal time
Global Positioning System
Residual
Geodesy
Lag
Autocorrelation
Phase (matter)
Algorithm
Satellite
Mathematics
Multipath propagation
Computer science
Multipath mitigation
Stacking
Statistics
Estimator
Physics
Geology
Telecommunications
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Astrophysics
Computer network
Quantum mechanics
Astronomy
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 8
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4229528709
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4229528709Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategiesWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2017Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2017-11-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Ahmed Ragheb, Peter J. Clarke, Stuart EdwardsList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Sidereal time, Global Positioning System, Residual, Geodesy, Lag, Autocorrelation, Phase (matter), Algorithm, Satellite, Mathematics, Multipath propagation, Computer science, Multipath mitigation, Stacking, Statistics, Estimator, Physics, Geology, Telecommunications, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Astrophysics, Computer network, Quantum mechanics, AstronomyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2021: 1, 2017: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
8Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4229528709 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4229528709 |
| fwci | 0.40552072 |
| type | preprint |
| title | GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategies |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10655 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | GNSS positioning and interference |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11405 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9840999841690063 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1910 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Oceanography |
| topics[1].display_name | Geophysics and Gravity Measurements |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10159 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9503999948501587 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[2].display_name | Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C32054603 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8745814561843872 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191747 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Sidereal time |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C60229501 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6957207322120667 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Global Positioning System |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C155512373 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6538693308830261 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Residual |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C13280743 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5917130708694458 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Geodesy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C75778745 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5518435835838318 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Lag |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C5297727 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5174303650856018 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Autocorrelation |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C44280652 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.47274717688560486 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Phase (matter) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4631345570087433 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C19269812 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4601048231124878 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Satellite |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.42578500509262085 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C161218011 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.425475150346756 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Multipath propagation |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.42516350746154785 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2776015439 |
| concepts[12].level | 4 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.4219353497028351 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Multipath mitigation |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C33347731 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.41413944959640503 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Stacking |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.32096511125564575 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C185429906 |
| concepts[15].level | 2 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.20827263593673706 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Estimator |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.16735538840293884 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.15706637501716614 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.10032227635383606 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C46141821 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C44870925 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Astrophysics |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[22].level | 1 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C1276947 |
| concepts[23].level | 1 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Astronomy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sidereal-time |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8745814561843872 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Sidereal time |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6957207322120667 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Global Positioning System |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/residual |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6538693308830261 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Residual |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5917130708694458 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Geodesy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lag |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5518435835838318 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Lag |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5174303650856018 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Autocorrelation |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/phase |
| keywords[6].score | 0.47274717688560486 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Phase (matter) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4631345570087433 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4601048231124878 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Satellite |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.42578500509262085 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation |
| keywords[10].score | 0.425475150346756 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Multipath propagation |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[11].score | 0.42516350746154785 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation |
| keywords[12].score | 0.4219353497028351 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Multipath mitigation |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking |
| keywords[13].score | 0.41413944959640503 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Stacking |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.32096511125564575 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator |
| keywords[15].score | 0.20827263593673706 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Estimator |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[16].score | 0.16735538840293884 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[17].score | 0.15706637501716614 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[18].score | 0.10032227635383606 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Telecommunications |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:share.osf.io:bcd3fa93-dba8-4ef3-8b6c-8db837dbf27e |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400047 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Arabixiv (OSF Preprints) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Center for Open Science |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799848540 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Preprint |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://osf.io/y4rx3 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102196599 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Ahmed Ragheb |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01kj2bm70 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Newcastle University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Ahmed Ragheb |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084812861 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-8300 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Peter J. Clarke |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01kj2bm70 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Newcastle University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Peter Clarke |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112222352 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Stuart Edwards |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01kj2bm70 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Newcastle University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Stuart Edwards |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 7RU |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategies |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10655 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | GNSS positioning and interference |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2756172590, https://openalex.org/W2605758412, https://openalex.org/W2051628247, https://openalex.org/W2083400934, https://openalex.org/W2736593453, https://openalex.org/W4386202658, https://openalex.org/W1847331333, https://openalex.org/W2359214322, https://openalex.org/W65854435, https://openalex.org/W3117915744 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2017 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.31223/osf.io/y4rx3 |
| publication_date | 2017-11-13 |
| publication_year | 2017 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2062175031, https://openalex.org/W2023181885, https://openalex.org/W753514529, https://openalex.org/W2004547646, https://openalex.org/W2127196259, https://openalex.org/W1545923740, https://openalex.org/W2116052202, https://openalex.org/W900176008 |
| referenced_works_count | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 42, 55, 69, 109, 125, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10 | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 71, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 123, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 107, 115, 149, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 100, 104, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 5, 18, 64, 83, 127, 129, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 49, 111, 153, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 28, 60, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.55m | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GPS | 10, 34, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 25, 102, 141, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 13, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.day | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lag | 93, 114, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 16, 46, 61, 65, 84, 92, 119, 134, 147, 176, 196, 208, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(23h | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thus | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 35, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.day, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 15, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.help | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hour | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lag, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 201, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vary | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 54, 81, 96, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.54s), | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apply | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.every | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hours | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leads | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 50, 160, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.takes | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 41, 45, 108, 133, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Either | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depend | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 8, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filter | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latter | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.little | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 157, 165, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 58, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mainly | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefit | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dataset | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lag’s | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 85, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimum | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produce | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space), | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space). | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stacked | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.although | 68, 91, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclude | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filtered | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometry | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interval | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marginal | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimize | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.question | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removing | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residual | 51, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sidereal | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stacking | 124, 183, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Multipath | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantage | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimates | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filtering | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processed | 40, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.repeating | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residuals | 132, 145, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satellite | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stacking, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steadiest | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Coordinate | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acceptable | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistent | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coordinate | 48, 131, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criterion. | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.day-to-day | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multipath) | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.repetition | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughout | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unfiltered | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.>97% | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(coordinate | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coordinates | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.homogeneous | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over-riding | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing. | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coordinates. | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error-repeat | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-varying | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximately | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations. | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing.We | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(observational | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“sidereal” | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autocorrelation | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometry-related | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-difference | 43, 116, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satellite-specific | 110 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5102196599 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84884186 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.81305732 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |