GPUMD 4.0: A high‐performance molecular dynamics package for versatile materials simulations with machine‐learned potentials Article Swipe

View

Ke Xu , H. Bu , Shuning Pan , Eric Lindgren , Yong-Chao Wu , Yong Wang , Jiahui Liu , Keke Song , Bin Xu , Yifan Li , Tobias Hainer , L.A. Svensson , Julia Wiktor , Rui Zhao , Hongfu Huang , Cheng Qian , Shuo Zhang , Zezhu Zeng , Bohan Zhang , Bing Tang , Yang Xiao , Zihan Yan , Jiuyang Shi , Zhixin Liang , Junjie Wang , Ting Liang , Shuo Cao , Yanzhou Wang , Penghua Ying , Nan Xu , Chengbing Chen , Yuwen Zhang , Zherui Chen , Xin Wu , Wenjian Jiang , Esmée Berger , Yanlong Li , Shunda Chen , Alexander J. Gabourie , Haikuan Dong , Shiyun Xiong , Ning Wei , Yue Chen , Jianbin Xu , Feng Ding , Zhimei Sun , Tapio Ala-Nissilä , Ari Harju , Jin‐Cheng Zheng , Pengfei Guan , Paul Erhart , Jian Sun , Wengen Ouyang , Yanjing Su , Zheyong Fan ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest stable release of the graphics processing units molecular dynamics (GPUMD) package, GPUMD 4.0. We begin with a brief review of its development history, starting from the initial version. We then discuss the theoretical foundations for the development of the GPUMD package, including the formulations of the interatomic force, virial and heat current for many‐body potentials, the development of the highly efficient and flexible neuroevolution potential (NEP) method, the supported integrators and related operations, the various physical properties that can be calculated on the fly, and the GPUMD ecosystem. After presenting these functionalities, we review a range of applications enabled by GPUMD, particularly in combination with the NEP approach. Finally, we outline possible future development directions for GPUMD.

Related Topics

Concepts

Molecular dynamics Dynamics (music) Computer science Computational science Nanotechnology Materials science Physics Chemistry Computational chemistry Acoustics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
OA Status: diamond
Cited By: 10
References: 385
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4412881701

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4412881701

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028

Digital Object Identifier
Title: GPUMD 4.0: A high‐performance molecular dynamics package for versatile materials simulations with machine‐learned potentials

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-08-03

Full publication date if available
Authors: Ke Xu, H. Bu, Shuning Pan, Eric Lindgren, Yong-Chao Wu, Yong Wang, Jiahui Liu, Keke Song, Bin Xu, Yifan Li, Tobias Hainer, L.A. Svensson, Julia Wiktor, Rui Zhao, Hongfu Huang, Cheng Qian, Shuo Zhang, Zezhu Zeng, Bohan Zhang, Bing Tang, Yang Xiao, Zihan Yan, Jiuyang Shi, Zhixin Liang, Junjie Wang, Ting Liang, Shuo Cao, Yanzhou Wang, Penghua Ying, Nan Xu, Chengbing Chen, Yuwen Zhang, Zherui Chen, Xin Wu, Wenjian Jiang, Esmée Berger, Yanlong Li, Shunda Chen, Alexander J. Gabourie, Haikuan Dong, Shiyun Xiong, Ning Wei, Yue Chen, Jianbin Xu, Feng Ding, Zhimei Sun, Tapio Ala-Nissilä, Ari Harju, Jin‐Cheng Zheng, Pengfei Guan, Paul Erhart, Jian Sun, Wengen Ouyang, Yanjing Su, Zheyong Fan

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: diamond

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Molecular dynamics, Dynamics (music), Computer science, Computational science, Nanotechnology, Materials science, Physics, Chemistry, Computational chemistry, Acoustics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 10

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 10

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 385

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4412881701
doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4412881701
fwci	15.85457147
type	article
title	GPUMD 4.0: A high‐performance molecular dynamics package for versatile materials simulations with machine‐learned potentials
biblio.issue	3
biblio.volume	3
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11948
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
topics[0].field.display_name	Materials Science
topics[0].score	1.0
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
topics[0].display_name	Machine Learning in Materials Science
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11277
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
topics[1].field.display_name	Materials Science
topics[1].score	0.9980000257492065
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
topics[1].display_name	Thermal properties of materials
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10502
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9972000122070312
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C59593255
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.6763535737991333
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663
concepts[0].display_name	Molecular dynamics
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C145912823
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.5576587319374084
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558
concepts[1].display_name	Dynamics (music)
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[2].level	0
concepts[2].score	0.5298854112625122
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[2].display_name	Computer science
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C459310
concepts[3].level	1
concepts[3].score	0.34411877393722534
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801
concepts[3].display_name	Computational science
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C171250308
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.34180712699890137
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468
concepts[4].display_name	Nanotechnology
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C192562407
concepts[5].level	0
concepts[5].score	0.28599920868873596
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736
concepts[5].display_name	Materials science
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[6].level	0
concepts[6].score	0.22937723994255066
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[6].display_name	Physics
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C185592680
concepts[7].level	0
concepts[7].score	0.21750405430793762
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329
concepts[7].display_name	Chemistry
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C147597530
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.20650872588157654
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472
concepts[8].display_name	Computational chemistry
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C24890656
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.0
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811
concepts[9].display_name	Acoustics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics
keywords[0].score	0.6763535737991333
keywords[0].display_name	Molecular dynamics
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics
keywords[1].score	0.5576587319374084
keywords[1].display_name	Dynamics (music)
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[2].score	0.5298854112625122
keywords[2].display_name	Computer science
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science
keywords[3].score	0.34411877393722534
keywords[3].display_name	Computational science
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology
keywords[4].score	0.34180712699890137
keywords[4].display_name	Nanotechnology
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science
keywords[5].score	0.28599920868873596
keywords[5].display_name	Materials science
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physics
keywords[6].score	0.22937723994255066
keywords[6].display_name	Physics
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry
keywords[7].score	0.21750405430793762
keywords[7].display_name	Chemistry
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-chemistry
keywords[8].score	0.20650872588157654
keywords[8].display_name	Computational chemistry
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1002/mgea.70028
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387292499
locations[0].source.issn	2940-9489, 2940-9497
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2940-9489
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Wiley
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
locations[1].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf23012cb6dd456da7d1bbce71eb1639
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[1].source.host_organization
locations[1].source.host_organization_name
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	submittedVersion
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published	False
locations[1].raw_source_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/cf23012cb6dd456da7d1bbce71eb1639
indexed_in	crossref, doaj
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5064036423
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-5297
authorships[0].author.display_name	Ke Xu
authorships[0].countries	CN
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01kdzej58
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Bohai University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Ke Xu
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5113586249
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	H. Bu
authorships[1].countries	CN
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/033vjfk17
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Wuhan University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Hekai Bu
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5090818896
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Shuning Pan
authorships[2].countries	CN
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210140493
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ttadj76
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I126520041, https://openalex.org/I183067930, https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I24943067, https://openalex.org/I2802624667, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I76130692, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
authorships[2].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[2].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01rxvg760
authorships[2].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name	Nanjing University
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Shuning Pan
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5011010155
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-6839
authorships[3].author.display_name	Eric Lindgren
authorships[3].countries	SE
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040wg7k59
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	SE
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Chalmers University of Technology
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Eric Lindgren
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5031583822
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-3398
authorships[4].author.display_name	Yong-Chao Wu
authorships[4].countries	CN
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I125839683
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I125839683
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01skt4w74
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I125839683, https://openalex.org/I890469752
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Beijing Institute of Technology
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Yongchao Wu
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100424525
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-8629
authorships[5].author.display_name	Yong Wang
authorships[5].countries	CN, US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210140493
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ttadj76
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I126520041, https://openalex.org/I183067930, https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I24943067, https://openalex.org/I2802624667, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I76130692, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
authorships[5].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[5].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01rxvg760
authorships[5].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name	Nanjing University
authorships[5].institutions[2].id	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[5].institutions[2].ror	https://ror.org/00hx57361
authorships[5].institutions[2].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name	Princeton University
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Yong Wang
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100326014
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3396-3482
authorships[6].author.display_name	Jiahui Liu
authorships[6].countries	CN
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02egmk993
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	University of Science and Technology Beijing
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Jiahui Liu
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5049357831
authorships[7].author.orcid
authorships[7].author.display_name	Keke Song
authorships[7].countries	CN
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02egmk993
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	University of Science and Technology Beijing
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Keke Song
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100711148
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-3218
authorships[8].author.display_name	Bin Xu
authorships[8].countries	CN
authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
authorships[8].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I19820366
authorships[8].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/034t30j35
authorships[8].institutions[0].type	government
authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366
authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name	Chinese Academy of Sciences
authorships[8].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[8].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/05nqg3g04
authorships[8].institutions[1].type	facility
authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name	Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Bin Xu
authorships[8].is_corresponding	False
authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings	Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China, Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100427064
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-0592
authorships[9].author.display_name	Yifan Li
authorships[9].countries	US
authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
authorships[9].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[9].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hx57361
authorships[9].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I20089843
authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name	Princeton University
authorships[9].author_position	middle
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Yifan Li
authorships[9].is_corresponding	False
authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
authorships[10].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5119178693
authorships[10].author.orcid
authorships[10].author.display_name	Tobias Hainer
authorships[10].countries	SE
authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[10].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[10].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040wg7k59
authorships[10].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code	SE
authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name	Chalmers University of Technology
authorships[10].author_position	middle
authorships[10].raw_author_name	Tobias Hainer
authorships[10].is_corresponding	False
authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[11].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5110423408
authorships[11].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-5948
authorships[11].author.display_name	L.A. Svensson
authorships[11].countries	SE
authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[11].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[11].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040wg7k59
authorships[11].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code	SE
authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name	Chalmers University of Technology
authorships[11].author_position	middle
authorships[11].raw_author_name	Lucas Svensson
authorships[11].is_corresponding	False
authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[12].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5081702682
authorships[12].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-1104
authorships[12].author.display_name	Julia Wiktor
authorships[12].countries	SE
authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[12].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[12].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040wg7k59
authorships[12].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code	SE
authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name	Chalmers University of Technology
authorships[12].author_position	middle
authorships[12].raw_author_name	Julia Wiktor
authorships[12].is_corresponding	False
authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[13].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101485743
authorships[13].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-8478
authorships[13].author.display_name	Rui Zhao
authorships[13].countries	CN
authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210109434
authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
authorships[13].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210109434
authorships[13].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/021xwcd05
authorships[13].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210109434
authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name	Xinyu University
authorships[13].author_position	middle
authorships[13].raw_author_name	Rui Zhao
authorships[13].is_corresponding	False
authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
authorships[14].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5057287577
authorships[14].author.orcid
authorships[14].author.display_name	Hongfu Huang
authorships[14].countries	CN
authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
authorships[14].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[14].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00wk2mp56
authorships[14].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name	Beihang University
authorships[14].author_position	middle
authorships[14].raw_author_name	Hongfu Huang
authorships[14].is_corresponding	False
authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
authorships[15].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101923396
authorships[15].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-0303
authorships[15].author.display_name	Cheng Qian
authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou China
authorships[15].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
authorships[15].author_position	middle
authorships[15].raw_author_name	Cheng Qian
authorships[15].is_corresponding	False
authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings	Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou China, Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
authorships[16].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100450390
authorships[16].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8616
authorships[16].author.display_name	Shuo Zhang
authorships[16].countries	CN
authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
authorships[16].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[16].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04mkzax54
authorships[16].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name	Jiangnan University
authorships[16].author_position	middle
authorships[16].raw_author_name	Shuo Zhang
authorships[16].is_corresponding	False
authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
authorships[17].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101673085
authorships[17].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-4928
authorships[17].author.display_name	Zezhu Zeng
authorships[17].countries	HK
authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[17].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[17].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02zhqgq86
authorships[17].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code	HK
authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name	University of Hong Kong
authorships[17].author_position	middle
authorships[17].raw_author_name	Zezhu Zeng
authorships[17].is_corresponding	False
authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[18].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5072197030
authorships[18].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8704-4041
authorships[18].author.display_name	Bohan Zhang
authorships[18].countries	CN
authorships[18].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[18].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[18].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[18].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01kdzej58
authorships[18].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[18].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[18].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[18].institutions[0].display_name	Bohai University
authorships[18].author_position	middle
authorships[18].raw_author_name	Bohan Zhang
authorships[18].is_corresponding	False
authorships[18].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[19].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5072750696
authorships[19].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-3720
authorships[19].author.display_name	Bing Tang
authorships[19].countries	CN
authorships[19].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[19].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[19].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[19].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01kdzej58
authorships[19].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[19].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[19].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[19].institutions[0].display_name	Bohai University
authorships[19].author_position	middle
authorships[19].raw_author_name	Benrui Tang
authorships[19].is_corresponding	False
authorships[19].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[20].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101558784
authorships[20].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8623-8455
authorships[20].author.display_name	Yang Xiao
authorships[20].countries	CN
authorships[20].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[20].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[20].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[20].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01kdzej58
authorships[20].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[20].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[20].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[20].institutions[0].display_name	Bohai University
authorships[20].author_position	middle
authorships[20].raw_author_name	Yang Xiao
authorships[20].is_corresponding	False
authorships[20].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[21].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5046215943
authorships[21].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-6549
authorships[21].author.display_name	Zihan Yan
authorships[21].countries	CN
authorships[21].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I3133055985
authorships[21].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
authorships[21].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I3133055985
authorships[21].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05hfa4n20
authorships[21].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[21].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I3133055985
authorships[21].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[21].institutions[0].display_name	Westlake University
authorships[21].author_position	middle
authorships[21].raw_author_name	Zihan Yan
authorships[21].is_corresponding	False
authorships[21].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
authorships[22].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5113127905
authorships[22].author.orcid
authorships[22].author.display_name	Jiuyang Shi
authorships[22].countries	CN
authorships[22].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[22].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[22].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210140493
authorships[22].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ttadj76
authorships[22].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[22].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I126520041, https://openalex.org/I183067930, https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I24943067, https://openalex.org/I2802624667, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I76130692, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[22].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[22].institutions[0].display_name	Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
authorships[22].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[22].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01rxvg760
authorships[22].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[22].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[22].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[22].institutions[1].display_name	Nanjing University
authorships[22].author_position	middle
authorships[22].raw_author_name	Jiuyang Shi
authorships[22].is_corresponding	False
authorships[22].raw_affiliation_strings	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[23].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058924264
authorships[23].author.orcid
authorships[23].author.display_name	Zhixin Liang
authorships[23].countries	CN
authorships[23].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[23].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[23].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210140493
authorships[23].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ttadj76
authorships[23].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[23].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I126520041, https://openalex.org/I183067930, https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I24943067, https://openalex.org/I2802624667, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I76130692, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[23].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[23].institutions[0].display_name	Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
authorships[23].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[23].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01rxvg760
authorships[23].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[23].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[23].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[23].institutions[1].display_name	Nanjing University
authorships[23].author_position	middle
authorships[23].raw_author_name	Zhixin Liang
authorships[23].is_corresponding	False
authorships[23].raw_affiliation_strings	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[24].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100395820
authorships[24].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-0919
authorships[24].author.display_name	Junjie Wang
authorships[24].countries	CN
authorships[24].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[24].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[24].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210140493
authorships[24].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04ttadj76
authorships[24].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[24].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I126520041, https://openalex.org/I183067930, https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I24943067, https://openalex.org/I2802624667, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I76130692, https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[24].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[24].institutions[0].display_name	Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
authorships[24].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[24].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01rxvg760
authorships[24].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[24].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I881766915
authorships[24].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[24].institutions[1].display_name	Nanjing University
authorships[24].author_position	middle
authorships[24].raw_author_name	Junjie Wang
authorships[24].is_corresponding	False
authorships[24].raw_affiliation_strings	National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
authorships[25].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5034108413
authorships[25].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-365X
authorships[25].author.display_name	Ting Liang
authorships[25].countries	HK
authorships[25].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[25].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[25].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[25].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00t33hh48
authorships[25].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[25].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[25].institutions[0].country_code	HK
authorships[25].institutions[0].display_name	Chinese University of Hong Kong
authorships[25].author_position	middle
authorships[25].raw_author_name	Ting Liang
authorships[25].is_corresponding	False
authorships[25].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[26].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101672943
authorships[26].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-2598
authorships[26].author.display_name	Shuo Cao
authorships[26].countries	CN
authorships[26].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[26].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[26].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[26].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02egmk993
authorships[26].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[26].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I92403157
authorships[26].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[26].institutions[0].display_name	University of Science and Technology Beijing
authorships[26].author_position	middle
authorships[26].raw_author_name	Shuo Cao
authorships[26].is_corresponding	False
authorships[26].raw_affiliation_strings	Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
authorships[27].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5115595354
authorships[27].author.orcid
authorships[27].author.display_name	Yanzhou Wang
authorships[27].countries	FI
authorships[27].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[27].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Applied Physics, MSP Group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
authorships[27].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[27].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/020hwjq30
authorships[27].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[27].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[27].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[27].institutions[0].display_name	Aalto University
authorships[27].author_position	middle
authorships[27].raw_author_name	Yanzhou Wang
authorships[27].is_corresponding	False
authorships[27].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Applied Physics, MSP Group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
authorships[28].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5077066815
authorships[28].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-2369
authorships[28].author.display_name	Penghua Ying
authorships[28].countries	IL
authorships[28].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I16391192
authorships[28].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
authorships[28].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I16391192
authorships[28].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04mhzgx49
authorships[28].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[28].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I16391192
authorships[28].institutions[0].country_code	IL
authorships[28].institutions[0].display_name	Tel Aviv University
authorships[28].author_position	middle
authorships[28].raw_author_name	Penghua Ying
authorships[28].is_corresponding	False
authorships[28].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
authorships[29].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101570418
authorships[29].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-6883
authorships[29].author.display_name	Nan Xu
authorships[29].countries	CN
authorships[29].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I76130692
authorships[29].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
authorships[29].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I76130692
authorships[29].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00a2xv884
authorships[29].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[29].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I76130692
authorships[29].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[29].institutions[0].display_name	Zhejiang University
authorships[29].author_position	middle
authorships[29].raw_author_name	Nan Xu
authorships[29].is_corresponding	False
authorships[29].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
authorships[30].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5087087764
authorships[30].author.orcid
authorships[30].author.display_name	Chengbing Chen
authorships[30].countries	CN
authorships[30].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I38706770
authorships[30].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
authorships[30].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I38706770
authorships[30].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03z391397
authorships[30].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[30].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I38706770
authorships[30].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[30].institutions[0].display_name	Guilin University of Technology
authorships[30].author_position	middle
authorships[30].raw_author_name	Chengbing Chen
authorships[30].is_corresponding	False
authorships[30].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
authorships[31].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5115593937
authorships[31].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2340-437X
authorships[31].author.display_name	Yuwen Zhang
authorships[31].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology Ningbo China
authorships[31].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4394709157
authorships[31].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China
authorships[31].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4394709157
authorships[31].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/036mbz113
authorships[31].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[31].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4394709157
authorships[31].institutions[0].country_code
authorships[31].institutions[0].display_name	Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo
authorships[31].author_position	middle
authorships[31].raw_author_name	Yuwen Zhang
authorships[31].is_corresponding	False
authorships[31].raw_affiliation_strings	Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology Ningbo China, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China
authorships[32].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5050864862
authorships[32].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-1907
authorships[32].author.display_name	Zherui Chen
authorships[32].countries	CN
authorships[32].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210152380
authorships[32].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
authorships[32].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I180726961
authorships[32].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
authorships[32].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210152380
authorships[32].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04qzpec27
authorships[32].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[32].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210152380
authorships[32].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[32].institutions[0].display_name	Shenzhen Technology University
authorships[32].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I180726961
authorships[32].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/01vy4gh70
authorships[32].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[32].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I180726961
authorships[32].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[32].institutions[1].display_name	Shenzhen University
authorships[32].author_position	middle
authorships[32].raw_author_name	Zherui Chen
authorships[32].is_corresponding	False
authorships[32].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
authorships[33].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5000540485
authorships[33].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-371X
authorships[33].author.display_name	Xin Wu
authorships[33].countries	JP
authorships[33].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I74801974
authorships[33].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
authorships[33].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I74801974
authorships[33].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/057zh3y96
authorships[33].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[33].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I74801974
authorships[33].institutions[0].country_code	JP
authorships[33].institutions[0].display_name	The University of Tokyo
authorships[33].author_position	middle
authorships[33].raw_author_name	Xin Wu
authorships[33].is_corresponding	False
authorships[33].raw_affiliation_strings	Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
authorships[34].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102352018
authorships[34].author.orcid
authorships[34].author.display_name	Wenjian Jiang
authorships[34].countries	CN
authorships[34].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[34].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
authorships[34].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[34].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/033vjfk17
authorships[34].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[34].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I37461747
authorships[34].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[34].institutions[0].display_name	Wuhan University
authorships[34].author_position	middle
authorships[34].raw_author_name	Wenwu Jiang
authorships[34].is_corresponding	False
authorships[34].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
authorships[35].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5048389348
authorships[35].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-7726
authorships[35].author.display_name	Esmée Berger
authorships[35].countries	SE
authorships[35].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[35].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[35].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[35].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040wg7k59
authorships[35].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[35].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I66862912
authorships[35].institutions[0].country_code	SE
authorships[35].institutions[0].display_name	Chalmers University of Technology
authorships[35].author_position	middle
authorships[35].raw_author_name	Esme Berger
authorships[35].is_corresponding	False
authorships[35].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
authorships[36].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5005280380
authorships[36].author.orcid
authorships[36].author.display_name	Yanlong Li
authorships[36].countries	CN
authorships[36].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I152269853, https://openalex.org/I4210142748
authorships[36].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
authorships[36].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I152269853
authorships[36].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04hyzq608
authorships[36].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[36].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I152269853
authorships[36].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[36].institutions[0].display_name	Qilu University of Technology
authorships[36].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210142748
authorships[36].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/04y8d6y55
authorships[36].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[36].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210142748
authorships[36].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[36].institutions[1].display_name	Shandong Academy of Sciences
authorships[36].author_position	middle
authorships[36].raw_author_name	Yanlong Li
authorships[36].is_corresponding	False
authorships[36].raw_affiliation_strings	Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
authorships[37].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5082288377
authorships[37].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-7507
authorships[37].author.display_name	Shunda Chen
authorships[37].countries	US
authorships[37].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[37].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
authorships[37].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[37].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00y4zzh67
authorships[37].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[37].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[37].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[37].institutions[0].display_name	George Washington University
authorships[37].author_position	middle
authorships[37].raw_author_name	Shunda Chen
authorships[37].is_corresponding	False
authorships[37].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
authorships[38].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5019362204
authorships[38].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4546
authorships[38].author.display_name	Alexander J. Gabourie
authorships[38].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	DeepSim, Inc. Mountain View California USA
authorships[38].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	DeepSim, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA
authorships[38].author_position	middle
authorships[38].raw_author_name	Alexander J. Gabourie
authorships[38].is_corresponding	False
authorships[38].raw_affiliation_strings	DeepSim, Inc. Mountain View California USA, DeepSim, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA
authorships[39].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5044559155
authorships[39].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-0467
authorships[39].author.display_name	Haikuan Dong
authorships[39].countries	CN
authorships[39].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[39].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[39].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[39].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01kdzej58
authorships[39].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[39].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I97009856
authorships[39].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[39].institutions[0].display_name	Bohai University
authorships[39].author_position	middle
authorships[39].raw_author_name	Haikuan Dong
authorships[39].is_corresponding	False
authorships[39].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
authorships[40].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5034176841
authorships[40].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-0995
authorships[40].author.display_name	Shiyun Xiong
authorships[40].countries	CN
authorships[40].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I139024713
authorships[40].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
authorships[40].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I139024713
authorships[40].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04azbjn80
authorships[40].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[40].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I139024713
authorships[40].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[40].institutions[0].display_name	Guangdong University of Technology
authorships[40].author_position	middle
authorships[40].raw_author_name	Shiyun Xiong
authorships[40].is_corresponding	False
authorships[40].raw_affiliation_strings	Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
authorships[41].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5111357683
authorships[41].author.orcid
authorships[41].author.display_name	Ning Wei
authorships[41].countries	CN
authorships[41].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[41].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
authorships[41].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[41].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/04mkzax54
authorships[41].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[41].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I111599522
authorships[41].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[41].institutions[0].display_name	Jiangnan University
authorships[41].author_position	middle
authorships[41].raw_author_name	Ning Wei
authorships[41].is_corresponding	False
authorships[41].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
authorships[42].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100454793
authorships[42].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-6936
authorships[42].author.display_name	Yue Chen
authorships[42].countries	HK
authorships[42].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[42].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[42].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[42].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02zhqgq86
authorships[42].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[42].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I889458895
authorships[42].institutions[0].country_code	HK
authorships[42].institutions[0].display_name	University of Hong Kong
authorships[42].author_position	middle
authorships[42].raw_author_name	Yue Chen
authorships[42].is_corresponding	False
authorships[42].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[43].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5047103459
authorships[43].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-2160
authorships[43].author.display_name	Jianbin Xu
authorships[43].countries	HK
authorships[43].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[43].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[43].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[43].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00t33hh48
authorships[43].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[43].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I177725633
authorships[43].institutions[0].country_code	HK
authorships[43].institutions[0].display_name	Chinese University of Hong Kong
authorships[43].author_position	middle
authorships[43].raw_author_name	Jianbin Xu
authorships[43].is_corresponding	False
authorships[43].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
authorships[44].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100717860
authorships[44].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-9279
authorships[44].author.display_name	Feng Ding
authorships[44].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou China
authorships[44].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
authorships[44].author_position	middle
authorships[44].raw_author_name	Feng Ding
authorships[44].is_corresponding	False
authorships[44].raw_affiliation_strings	Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou China, Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, China
authorships[45].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5059875221
authorships[45].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4438-5032
authorships[45].author.display_name	Zhimei Sun
authorships[45].countries	CN
authorships[45].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[45].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
authorships[45].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[45].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00wk2mp56
authorships[45].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[45].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I82880672
authorships[45].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[45].institutions[0].display_name	Beihang University
authorships[45].author_position	middle
authorships[45].raw_author_name	Zhimei Sun
authorships[45].is_corresponding	False
authorships[45].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
authorships[46].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5085243869
authorships[46].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-3181
authorships[46].author.display_name	Tapio Ala-Nissilä
authorships[46].countries	FI, GB
authorships[46].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[46].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Applied Physics, MSP Group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
authorships[46].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I143804889
authorships[46].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mathematical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
authorships[46].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[46].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/020hwjq30
authorships[46].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[46].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I9927081
authorships[46].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[46].institutions[0].display_name	Aalto University
authorships[46].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I143804889
authorships[46].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/04vg4w365
authorships[46].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[46].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I143804889
authorships[46].institutions[1].country_code	GB
authorships[46].institutions[1].display_name	Loughborough University
authorships[46].author_position	middle
authorships[46].raw_author_name	Tapio Ala‐Nissila
authorships[46].is_corresponding	False
authorships[46].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Applied Physics, MSP Group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
authorships[47].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001262876
authorships[47].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-2896
authorships[47].author.display_name	Ari Harju
authorships[47].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Varian Medical Systems a Siemens Healthineers Company Helsinki Finland
authorships[47].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Varian Medical Systems, a Siemens Healthineers Company, Helsinki, Finland
authorships[47].author_position	middle
authorships[47].raw_author_name	Ari Harju
authorships[47].is_corresponding	False
authorships[47].raw_affiliation_strings	Varian Medical Systems a Siemens Healthineers Company Helsinki Finland, Varian Medical Systems, a Siemens Healthineers Company, Helsinki, Finland
authorships[48].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070732533
authorships[48].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-3236
authorships[48].author.display_name	Jin‐Cheng Zheng
authorships[48].countries	CN, MY
authorships[48].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I191208505
authorships[48].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
authorships[48].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210134189
authorships[48].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Physics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
authorships[48].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I191208505
authorships[48].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00mcjh785
authorships[48].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[48].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I191208505
authorships[48].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[48].institutions[0].display_name	Xiamen University
authorships[48].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210134189
authorships[48].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/0331wa828
authorships[48].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[48].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I191208505, https://openalex.org/I4210134189
authorships[48].institutions[1].country_code	MY
authorships[48].institutions[1].display_name	Xiamen University Malaysia
authorships[48].author_position	middle
authorships[48].raw_author_name	Jincheng Zheng
authorships[48].is_corresponding	False
authorships[48].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Physics, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
authorships[49].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101686847
authorships[49].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-1852
authorships[49].author.display_name	Pengfei Guan
authorships[49].countries	CN
authorships[49].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[49].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
authorships[49].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I19820366
authorships[49].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/034t30j35
authorships[49].institutions[0].type	government
authorships[49].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366
authorships[49].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[49].institutions[0].display_name	Chinese Academy of Sciences
authorships[49].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[49].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/05nqg3g04
authorships[49].institutions[1].type	facility
authorships[49].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210165339
authorships[49].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[49].institutions[1].display_name	Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology
authorships[49].author_position	middle
authorships[49].raw_author_name	Pengfei Guan
authorships[49].is_corresponding	True
authorships[49].raw_affiliation_strings	Advanced Interdisciplinary Science Research (AiR) Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
open_access.oa_status	diamond
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	GPUMD 4.0: A high‐performance molecular dynamics package for versatile materials simulations with machine‐learned potentials
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11948
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
primary_topic.field.display_name	Materials Science
primary_topic.score	1.0
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
primary_topic.display_name	Machine Learning in Materials Science
related_works	https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W4391913857, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W4396701345, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2001405890, https://openalex.org/W1773535258
cited_by_count	10
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	10
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1002/mgea.70028
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387292499
best_oa_location.source.issn	2940-9489, 2940-9497
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2940-9489
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
primary_location.id	doi:10.1002/mgea.70028
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387292499
primary_location.source.issn	2940-9489, 2940-9497
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2940-9489
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Materials Genome Engineering Advances
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/mgea.70028
publication_date	2025-08-03
publication_year	2025
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W1031578623, https://openalex.org/W3201073812, https://openalex.org/W4388870365, https://openalex.org/W3197647196, https://openalex.org/W2530427795, https://openalex.org/W4281385937, https://openalex.org/W2980609865, https://openalex.org/W2140116085, https://openalex.org/W2064473083, https://openalex.org/W1808915480, https://openalex.org/W2033086537, https://openalex.org/W2006009797, https://openalex.org/W2037782625, https://openalex.org/W2001567980, https://openalex.org/W2889888039, https://openalex.org/W2573984145, https://openalex.org/W3163850288, https://openalex.org/W2976779059, https://openalex.org/W3215613716, https://openalex.org/W3184319136, https://openalex.org/W3199681061, https://openalex.org/W4404691199, https://openalex.org/W4406734807, https://openalex.org/W4232338114, https://openalex.org/W4383995031, https://openalex.org/W6929242136, https://openalex.org/W4409706075, https://openalex.org/W2811171223, https://openalex.org/W2994980906, https://openalex.org/W4388499734, https://openalex.org/W4405636244, https://openalex.org/W2962975009, https://openalex.org/W2025444507, https://openalex.org/W4376876750, https://openalex.org/W4389330959, https://openalex.org/W2096747776, https://openalex.org/W6929503366, https://openalex.org/W4225405705, https://openalex.org/W4283021369, https://openalex.org/W2080131977, https://openalex.org/W1548618691, https://openalex.org/W2035266068, https://openalex.org/W2057477511, https://openalex.org/W1969798710, https://openalex.org/W3101060993, https://openalex.org/W3035076119, https://openalex.org/W2995725255, https://openalex.org/W2097650833, https://openalex.org/W2251418853, https://openalex.org/W3137464416, https://openalex.org/W2555499474, https://openalex.org/W4404920138, https://openalex.org/W2062351702, https://openalex.org/W1996084074, https://openalex.org/W4407413009, https://openalex.org/W2047224922, https://openalex.org/W2001510550, https://openalex.org/W3009625343, https://openalex.org/W4395097867, https://openalex.org/W2034377760, https://openalex.org/W1998648307, https://openalex.org/W3141280579, https://openalex.org/W2047968138, https://openalex.org/W4392582222, https://openalex.org/W4392504002, https://openalex.org/W3091403306, https://openalex.org/W4412651018, https://openalex.org/W4381158108, https://openalex.org/W4408062372, https://openalex.org/W4321122005, https://openalex.org/W4411889078, https://openalex.org/W4413380312, https://openalex.org/W2601081289, https://openalex.org/W2352521959, https://openalex.org/W2290203911, https://openalex.org/W2754114208, https://openalex.org/W2751717837, https://openalex.org/W2357385440, https://openalex.org/W2733347249, https://openalex.org/W2606756380, https://openalex.org/W2791801428, https://openalex.org/W2809291766, https://openalex.org/W2611329649, https://openalex.org/W2805065440, https://openalex.org/W2799392506, https://openalex.org/W2770741753, https://openalex.org/W2801664201, https://openalex.org/W2942130868, https://openalex.org/W2928735628, https://openalex.org/W2901009726, https://openalex.org/W3045468922, https://openalex.org/W3005491066, https://openalex.org/W2956155176, https://openalex.org/W3041791578, https://openalex.org/W3005428393, https://openalex.org/W3045077831, https://openalex.org/W3136255058, https://openalex.org/W3167847487, https://openalex.org/W3217286329, https://openalex.org/W3107865888, https://openalex.org/W3195796574, https://openalex.org/W3202213959, https://openalex.org/W3100208523, https://openalex.org/W3158963860, https://openalex.org/W3160193163, https://openalex.org/W3174248582, https://openalex.org/W3122920330, https://openalex.org/W3009912238, https://openalex.org/W4311959629, https://openalex.org/W4283794568, https://openalex.org/W4220765032, https://openalex.org/W4224928103, https://openalex.org/W3202652224, https://openalex.org/W4309737655, https://openalex.org/W4206528336, https://openalex.org/W3213481665, https://openalex.org/W4226126145, https://openalex.org/W4294879034, https://openalex.org/W4210735088, https://openalex.org/W4312010724, https://openalex.org/W4200339523, https://openalex.org/W4220817783, https://openalex.org/W4293294989, https://openalex.org/W4297225102, https://openalex.org/W3185803454, https://openalex.org/W4312065040, https://openalex.org/W3157537559, https://openalex.org/W4386526161, https://openalex.org/W4313483697, https://openalex.org/W4327705996, https://openalex.org/W4302061651, https://openalex.org/W4366982368, https://openalex.org/W4389479055, https://openalex.org/W4385252625, https://openalex.org/W4309209787, https://openalex.org/W4383198377, https://openalex.org/W4386160843, https://openalex.org/W4387687843, https://openalex.org/W4389935664, https://openalex.org/W4381893139, https://openalex.org/W4390105476, https://openalex.org/W4388500979, https://openalex.org/W4322733498, https://openalex.org/W4360834831, https://openalex.org/W4361283479, https://openalex.org/W4387399449, https://openalex.org/W4376573161, https://openalex.org/W4388457604, https://openalex.org/W4381194329, https://openalex.org/W4380906397, https://openalex.org/W4283028167, https://openalex.org/W4387132301, https://openalex.org/W4316661900, https://openalex.org/W4366341607, https://openalex.org/W4382933112, https://openalex.org/W4309340941, https://openalex.org/W4383374048, https://openalex.org/W4377940365, https://openalex.org/W4367725491, https://openalex.org/W4294719022, https://openalex.org/W4283067555, https://openalex.org/W4385156538, https://openalex.org/W4385341027, https://openalex.org/W4361013196, https://openalex.org/W4386298677, https://openalex.org/W4387891809, https://openalex.org/W4399283745, https://openalex.org/W4400003643, https://openalex.org/W4392154188, https://openalex.org/W4394764103, https://openalex.org/W4396230513, https://openalex.org/W4387742948, https://openalex.org/W4391823586, https://openalex.org/W4402331503, https://openalex.org/W4400411243, https://openalex.org/W4391376951, https://openalex.org/W4392931159, https://openalex.org/W4391034991, https://openalex.org/W4392747162, https://openalex.org/W4400712275, https://openalex.org/W4405334046, https://openalex.org/W4403746943, https://openalex.org/W4396945517, https://openalex.org/W4387434983, https://openalex.org/W4391169392, https://openalex.org/W4392639340, https://openalex.org/W4390940438, https://openalex.org/W4396213241, https://openalex.org/W4392257061, https://openalex.org/W4387301651, https://openalex.org/W4392572666, https://openalex.org/W4402534492, https://openalex.org/W4405455074, https://openalex.org/W4399388856, https://openalex.org/W4403117897, https://openalex.org/W4399847602, https://openalex.org/W4391766909, https://openalex.org/W4396998152, https://openalex.org/W4400368862, https://openalex.org/W4391824217, https://openalex.org/W4400027121, https://openalex.org/W4400450003, https://openalex.org/W4395038299, https://openalex.org/W4400093901, https://openalex.org/W4391540987, https://openalex.org/W4399661549, https://openalex.org/W4399332719, https://openalex.org/W4398329276, https://openalex.org/W4403813318, https://openalex.org/W4399655145, https://openalex.org/W4404521875, https://openalex.org/W4403548363, https://openalex.org/W4403013993, https://openalex.org/W4388925198, https://openalex.org/W6926513229, https://openalex.org/W4400375910, https://openalex.org/W4391753791, https://openalex.org/W4399286134, https://openalex.org/W4403101704, https://openalex.org/W4401541567, https://openalex.org/W4400201232, https://openalex.org/W4400555230, https://openalex.org/W4390130248, https://openalex.org/W4400683976, https://openalex.org/W4393935317, https://openalex.org/W4404523140, https://openalex.org/W4405369421, https://openalex.org/W4393277820, https://openalex.org/W4404980456, https://openalex.org/W4392059293, https://openalex.org/W4392549833, https://openalex.org/W4392519062, https://openalex.org/W4404693143, https://openalex.org/W4392603879, https://openalex.org/W4390613724, https://openalex.org/W4399038084, https://openalex.org/W4404041174, https://openalex.org/W4392873904, https://openalex.org/W4404040840, https://openalex.org/W4406061596, https://openalex.org/W4409959332, https://openalex.org/W4412118491, https://openalex.org/W4411154879, https://openalex.org/W4407385102, https://openalex.org/W4406088794, https://openalex.org/W4407385106, https://openalex.org/W4413701773, https://openalex.org/W4410707771, https://openalex.org/W4412177945, https://openalex.org/W4408523588, https://openalex.org/W4409784306, https://openalex.org/W6891961300, https://openalex.org/W4405094887, https://openalex.org/W4410096795, https://openalex.org/W4407195509, https://openalex.org/W4409635511, https://openalex.org/W4410892685, https://openalex.org/W4410249210, https://openalex.org/W4407738216, https://openalex.org/W4410188650, https://openalex.org/W4409291283, https://openalex.org/W4408786737, https://openalex.org/W4406279263, https://openalex.org/W4404319542, https://openalex.org/W4407764397, https://openalex.org/W4409515487, https://openalex.org/W4411975486, https://openalex.org/W4405839370, https://openalex.org/W4409036648, https://openalex.org/W4407684031, https://openalex.org/W4407217535, https://openalex.org/W4408725019, https://openalex.org/W4411208643, https://openalex.org/W4408245042, https://openalex.org/W4410884395, https://openalex.org/W4403444178, https://openalex.org/W4410456046, https://openalex.org/W4407614535, https://openalex.org/W4392019872, https://openalex.org/W4407547758, https://openalex.org/W4407697260, https://openalex.org/W4408769457, https://openalex.org/W4406456345, https://openalex.org/W4410092808, https://openalex.org/W6910594780, https://openalex.org/W4409450101, https://openalex.org/W4407569622, https://openalex.org/W4405662158, https://openalex.org/W4405129885, https://openalex.org/W4409630535, https://openalex.org/W6967124338, https://openalex.org/W4408820193, https://openalex.org/W4409149947, https://openalex.org/W4411108120, https://openalex.org/W4407406977, https://openalex.org/W4413636002, https://openalex.org/W4410092802, https://openalex.org/W4411494574, https://openalex.org/W6966893521, https://openalex.org/W6910364756, https://openalex.org/W4408652584, https://openalex.org/W4410251481, https://openalex.org/W4407151048, https://openalex.org/W4402963228, https://openalex.org/W4407412350, https://openalex.org/W4409107029, https://openalex.org/W4410480631, https://openalex.org/W4402179917, https://openalex.org/W4410281661, https://openalex.org/W4408342310, https://openalex.org/W4405042809, https://openalex.org/W4409660979, https://openalex.org/W4411085052, https://openalex.org/W4403579798, https://openalex.org/W4406682004, https://openalex.org/W4404397149, https://openalex.org/W4406733862, https://openalex.org/W4406603974, https://openalex.org/W4410455337, https://openalex.org/W3116074372, https://openalex.org/W4391997456, https://openalex.org/W4253056353, https://openalex.org/W4407692716, https://openalex.org/W4390106425, https://openalex.org/W4410789496, https://openalex.org/W4385248412, https://openalex.org/W4409494098, https://openalex.org/W4392515403, https://openalex.org/W4412105316, https://openalex.org/W4407252667, https://openalex.org/W4415231505, https://openalex.org/W3124906227, https://openalex.org/W4280596323, https://openalex.org/W4408569069, https://openalex.org/W4320878973, https://openalex.org/W4386134960, https://openalex.org/W2985557135, https://openalex.org/W4381989015, https://openalex.org/W4319313307, https://openalex.org/W4405802229, https://openalex.org/W3100194639, https://openalex.org/W4405844179, https://openalex.org/W4408575052, https://openalex.org/W4414746328, https://openalex.org/W4415307490, https://openalex.org/W4410714218, https://openalex.org/W4309530779, https://openalex.org/W4389547291, https://openalex.org/W4414898241, https://openalex.org/W3102022293, https://openalex.org/W4387140891, https://openalex.org/W4405127145, https://openalex.org/W4414594979, https://openalex.org/W3124189007, https://openalex.org/W4376638438, https://openalex.org/W4390684598, https://openalex.org/W4366483814, https://openalex.org/W4405282085, https://openalex.org/W3200818036, https://openalex.org/W4388530509, https://openalex.org/W4388825303, https://openalex.org/W4410316513, https://openalex.org/W4413255940, https://openalex.org/W3205467776, https://openalex.org/W3098510766, https://openalex.org/W4404693962, https://openalex.org/W4408503217, https://openalex.org/W4408175765, https://openalex.org/W4377115843, https://openalex.org/W4407174193, https://openalex.org/W4408475567, https://openalex.org/W4394269614, https://openalex.org/W3208444451, https://openalex.org/W4394767253, https://openalex.org/W2963966312, https://openalex.org/W4410350178, https://openalex.org/W4410828228, https://openalex.org/W4396980167, https://openalex.org/W4384281376, https://openalex.org/W4400774317, https://openalex.org/W4386026106, https://openalex.org/W3100709752, https://openalex.org/W4400955023, https://openalex.org/W4405994305, https://openalex.org/W4414633746
referenced_works_count	385
abstract_inverted_index.a	4, 26, 104
abstract_inverted_index.We	23, 38
abstract_inverted_index.be	89
abstract_inverted_index.by	109
abstract_inverted_index.in	112
abstract_inverted_index.of	7, 12, 29, 47, 54, 67, 106
abstract_inverted_index.on	91
abstract_inverted_index.we	102, 119
abstract_inverted_index.NEP	116
abstract_inverted_index.and	59, 71, 80, 94
abstract_inverted_index.can	88
abstract_inverted_index.for	44, 62, 125
abstract_inverted_index.its	30
abstract_inverted_index.the	8, 13, 35, 41, 45, 48, 52, 55, 65, 68, 77, 83, 92, 95, 115
abstract_inverted_index.4.0.	22
abstract_inverted_index.This	1
abstract_inverted_index.fly,	93
abstract_inverted_index.from	34
abstract_inverted_index.heat	60
abstract_inverted_index.that	87
abstract_inverted_index.then	39
abstract_inverted_index.with	25, 114
abstract_inverted_index.(NEP)	75
abstract_inverted_index.After	98
abstract_inverted_index.GPUMD	21, 49, 96
abstract_inverted_index.begin	24
abstract_inverted_index.brief	27
abstract_inverted_index.paper	2
abstract_inverted_index.range	105
abstract_inverted_index.these	100
abstract_inverted_index.units	16
abstract_inverted_index.GPUMD,	110
abstract_inverted_index.GPUMD.	126
abstract_inverted_index.force,	57
abstract_inverted_index.future	122
abstract_inverted_index.highly	69
abstract_inverted_index.latest	9
abstract_inverted_index.review	28, 103
abstract_inverted_index.stable	10
abstract_inverted_index.virial	58
abstract_inverted_index.(GPUMD)	19
abstract_inverted_index.current	61
abstract_inverted_index.discuss	40
abstract_inverted_index.enabled	108
abstract_inverted_index.initial	36
abstract_inverted_index.method,	76
abstract_inverted_index.outline	120
abstract_inverted_index.related	81
abstract_inverted_index.release	11
abstract_inverted_index.various	84
abstract_inverted_index.Abstract	0
abstract_inverted_index.Finally,	118
abstract_inverted_index.dynamics	18
abstract_inverted_index.flexible	72
abstract_inverted_index.graphics	14
abstract_inverted_index.history,	32
abstract_inverted_index.overview	6
abstract_inverted_index.package,	20, 50
abstract_inverted_index.physical	85
abstract_inverted_index.possible	121
abstract_inverted_index.provides	3
abstract_inverted_index.starting	33
abstract_inverted_index.version.	37
abstract_inverted_index.approach.	117
abstract_inverted_index.efficient	70
abstract_inverted_index.including	51
abstract_inverted_index.molecular	17
abstract_inverted_index.potential	74
abstract_inverted_index.supported	78
abstract_inverted_index.calculated	90
abstract_inverted_index.directions	124
abstract_inverted_index.ecosystem.	97
abstract_inverted_index.presenting	99
abstract_inverted_index.processing	15
abstract_inverted_index.properties	86
abstract_inverted_index.combination	113
abstract_inverted_index.development	31, 46, 66, 123
abstract_inverted_index.foundations	43
abstract_inverted_index.integrators	79
abstract_inverted_index.interatomic	56
abstract_inverted_index.many‐body	63
abstract_inverted_index.operations,	82
abstract_inverted_index.potentials,	64
abstract_inverted_index.theoretical	42
abstract_inverted_index.applications	107
abstract_inverted_index.formulations	53
abstract_inverted_index.particularly	111
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	5
abstract_inverted_index.neuroevolution	73
abstract_inverted_index.functionalities,	101
cited_by_percentile_year.max	99
cited_by_percentile_year.min	98
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5101686847, https://openalex.org/A5054440822, https://openalex.org/A5060011729, https://openalex.org/A5062333252, https://openalex.org/A5028970783, https://openalex.org/A5100671669
countries_distinct_count	9
institutions_distinct_count	55
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I37461747, https://openalex.org/I4210124641, https://openalex.org/I4210140493, https://openalex.org/I4210165339, https://openalex.org/I66862912, https://openalex.org/I881766915, https://openalex.org/I92403157, https://openalex.org/I97009856
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.98158678
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	True
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True