Gravity Tests with Radio Pulsars Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156
The discovery of the first binary pulsar in 1974 has opened up a completely new field of experimental gravity. In numerous important ways, pulsars have taken precision gravity tests quantitatively and qualitatively beyond the weak-field slow-motion regime of the Solar System. Apart from the first verification of the existence of gravitational waves, binary pulsars for the first time gave us the possibility to study the dynamics of strongly self-gravitating bodies with high precision. To date there are several radio pulsars known which can be utilized for precision tests of gravity. Depending on their orbital properties and the nature of their companion, these pulsars probe various different predictions of general relativity and its alternatives in the mildly relativistic strong-field regime. In many aspects, pulsar tests are complementary to other present and upcoming gravity experiments, like gravitational-wave observatories or the Event Horizon Telescope. This review gives an introduction to gravity tests with radio pulsars and its theoretical foundations, highlights some of the most important results, and gives a brief outlook into the future of this important field of experimental gravity.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156
- https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 45
- References
- 226
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3088768434
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3088768434Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Gravity Tests with Radio PulsarsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-09-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Norbert Wex, M. KrämerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pulsar, Physics, Gravitational wave, General relativity, Binary pulsar, Gravitational field, Astronomy, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, Solar System, Field (mathematics), Astrophysics, Classical mechanics, Millisecond pulsar, Pure mathematics, MathematicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
45Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 7, 2023: 9, 2022: 11, 2021: 11Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
226Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3088768434 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| ids.mag | 3088768434 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3088768434 |
| fwci | 4.54809648 |
| type | article |
| title | Gravity Tests with Radio Pulsars |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3916545217 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334678 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 610058 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | European Research Council |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 6 |
| biblio.last_page | 156 |
| biblio.first_page | 156 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10463 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[0].display_name | Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10095 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9977999925613403 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[1].display_name | Cosmology and Gravitation Theories |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11405 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.996999979019165 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1910 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Oceanography |
| topics[2].display_name | Geophysics and Gravity Measurements |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334678 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/0472cxd90 |
| funders[0].display_name | European Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C110363677 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9613951444625854 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pulsar |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.9377156496047974 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C190330329 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7074378728866577 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Gravitational wave |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C147452769 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6631976962089539 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452 |
| concepts[3].display_name | General relativity |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C139153390 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6510310173034668 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142966 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Binary pulsar |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C14257148 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.550838828086853 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Gravitational field |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C1276947 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5061339735984802 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Astronomy |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C124017977 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4334481358528137 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Gravitation |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C33332235 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4307178258895874 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Theoretical physics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C107195408 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.42838963866233826 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302080 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Gravitational-wave observatory |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C539450922 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4151623249053955 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Solar System |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C9652623 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.41114088892936707 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C44870925 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.38983914256095886 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Astrophysics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C74650414 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.3292912244796753 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C90639681 |
| concepts[14].level | 3 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.23861932754516602 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940232 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Millisecond pulsar |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C202444582 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Pure mathematics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9613951444625854 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pulsar |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[1].score | 0.9377156496047974 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7074378728866577 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Gravitational wave |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/general-relativity |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6631976962089539 |
| keywords[3].display_name | General relativity |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-pulsar |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6510310173034668 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Binary pulsar |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-field |
| keywords[5].score | 0.550838828086853 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Gravitational field |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5061339735984802 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Astronomy |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitation |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4334481358528137 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Gravitation |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4307178258895874 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Theoretical physics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-observatory |
| keywords[9].score | 0.42838963866233826 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Gravitational-wave observatory |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-system |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4151623249053955 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Solar System |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/field |
| keywords[11].score | 0.41114088892936707 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Field (mathematics) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.38983914256095886 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Astrophysics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.3292912244796753 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/millisecond-pulsar |
| keywords[14].score | 0.23861932754516602 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Millisecond pulsar |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/universe6090156 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737774819 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2218-1997 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2218-1997 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Universe |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Universe |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8fef8c0b2149407c82a23025ec38c170 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Universe, Vol 6, Iss 9, p 156 (2020) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/8fef8c0b2149407c82a23025ec38c170 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-1997/6/9/156/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Universe; Volume 6; Issue 9; Pages: 156 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014086784 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-2837 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Norbert Wex |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04jvemc39 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Norbert Wex |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003133702 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-7499 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | M. Krämer |
| authorships[1].countries | DE, GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04jvemc39 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I149899117, https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/027m9bs27 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Manchester |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Michael Kramer |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Gravity Tests with Radio Pulsars |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10463 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2785363305, https://openalex.org/W4289536146, https://openalex.org/W2009164028, https://openalex.org/W2034566787, https://openalex.org/W1649381168, https://openalex.org/W2950005506, https://openalex.org/W1522027097, https://openalex.org/W4301784627, https://openalex.org/W2054612245, https://openalex.org/W4385211005 |
| cited_by_count | 45 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/universe6090156 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737774819 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2218-1997 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2218-1997 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Universe |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Universe |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/universe6090156 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2737774819 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2218-1997 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2218-1997 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Universe |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/9/156/pdf?version=1601518803 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Universe |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/universe6090156 |
| publication_date | 2020-09-22 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6611263093, https://openalex.org/W6731078965, https://openalex.org/W2018280393, https://openalex.org/W2019709661, https://openalex.org/W1973820399, https://openalex.org/W2074240506, https://openalex.org/W2982362750, https://openalex.org/W2085488455, https://openalex.org/W2979599153, https://openalex.org/W6636813944, https://openalex.org/W2136964983, https://openalex.org/W2085100657, https://openalex.org/W2443566974, https://openalex.org/W6633195035, https://openalex.org/W2056481948, https://openalex.org/W2094472493, https://openalex.org/W2035769813, https://openalex.org/W2156547006, https://openalex.org/W6636926374, https://openalex.org/W2067892132, https://openalex.org/W1634412711, https://openalex.org/W6608101318, https://openalex.org/W2076480618, https://openalex.org/W2064816908, https://openalex.org/W6815704006, https://openalex.org/W2027853886, https://openalex.org/W2154120281, https://openalex.org/W2031012295, https://openalex.org/W4246888231, https://openalex.org/W1822231749, https://openalex.org/W4232315234, https://openalex.org/W2013208768, https://openalex.org/W3008297636, https://openalex.org/W2058755739, https://openalex.org/W2080568391, https://openalex.org/W2142366899, https://openalex.org/W2116923776, https://openalex.org/W1998871856, https://openalex.org/W2138250212, https://openalex.org/W2611745797, https://openalex.org/W2993727403, https://openalex.org/W2118761939, https://openalex.org/W2118143002, https://openalex.org/W1974255711, https://openalex.org/W2034716440, https://openalex.org/W2072590146, https://openalex.org/W2057012539, https://openalex.org/W2152747485, https://openalex.org/W6910977779, https://openalex.org/W1989972931, https://openalex.org/W2787261020, https://openalex.org/W2766754978, https://openalex.org/W2786989009, https://openalex.org/W1966188784, https://openalex.org/W2004196614, https://openalex.org/W2039911906, https://openalex.org/W2061294627, https://openalex.org/W2952358176, https://openalex.org/W2410967472, https://openalex.org/W6636649770, https://openalex.org/W2063883301, https://openalex.org/W2045490606, https://openalex.org/W2114922502, https://openalex.org/W2145437383, https://openalex.org/W2014560881, https://openalex.org/W2091196087, https://openalex.org/W2973189566, https://openalex.org/W2040730408, https://openalex.org/W2134425851, https://openalex.org/W6636754992, https://openalex.org/W2034566787, https://openalex.org/W2761926605, https://openalex.org/W2060014682, https://openalex.org/W6721853469, https://openalex.org/W2051574125, https://openalex.org/W2758854827, https://openalex.org/W2091518971, https://openalex.org/W2086569619, https://openalex.org/W2103216761, https://openalex.org/W2076729286, https://openalex.org/W6605790567, https://openalex.org/W2061671472, https://openalex.org/W2971959666, https://openalex.org/W2150120374, https://openalex.org/W1795685300, https://openalex.org/W1825257214, https://openalex.org/W2120497457, https://openalex.org/W2096497647, https://openalex.org/W2063475738, https://openalex.org/W2167572849, https://openalex.org/W2077860263, https://openalex.org/W2035638410, https://openalex.org/W3021933101, https://openalex.org/W2713950505, https://openalex.org/W2003409858, https://openalex.org/W2337953619, https://openalex.org/W6737216839, https://openalex.org/W2923598706, https://openalex.org/W2977093787, https://openalex.org/W1963493990, https://openalex.org/W2169707543, https://openalex.org/W2077240875, https://openalex.org/W1653737703, https://openalex.org/W2020702264, https://openalex.org/W2172008185, https://openalex.org/W2810831086, https://openalex.org/W3021751812, https://openalex.org/W2789229383, https://openalex.org/W2810118207, https://openalex.org/W2225038029, https://openalex.org/W2783631848, https://openalex.org/W2961047704, https://openalex.org/W2968043246, https://openalex.org/W2957352418, https://openalex.org/W2803624025, https://openalex.org/W2166436681, https://openalex.org/W2070482038, https://openalex.org/W1974324167, https://openalex.org/W2048265719, https://openalex.org/W2922581745, https://openalex.org/W2053314888, https://openalex.org/W2072230815, https://openalex.org/W2001305488, https://openalex.org/W2088540258, https://openalex.org/W1967659247, https://openalex.org/W2053439536, https://openalex.org/W2086148612, https://openalex.org/W2064957684, https://openalex.org/W2075699146, https://openalex.org/W1987119606, https://openalex.org/W1979215563, https://openalex.org/W1999343024, https://openalex.org/W3036411019, https://openalex.org/W1630105375, https://openalex.org/W2996069052, https://openalex.org/W3042506000, https://openalex.org/W3042561044, https://openalex.org/W1994489827, https://openalex.org/W2158984830, https://openalex.org/W2116978013, https://openalex.org/W2346000638, https://openalex.org/W2787859856, https://openalex.org/W2768211488, https://openalex.org/W2517310700, https://openalex.org/W3041368328, https://openalex.org/W2012465470, https://openalex.org/W1994150197, https://openalex.org/W2887016051, https://openalex.org/W2808081211, https://openalex.org/W2008376206, https://openalex.org/W2076197447, https://openalex.org/W2473331634, https://openalex.org/W2191618462, https://openalex.org/W3011084914, https://openalex.org/W2006608843, https://openalex.org/W2144839496, https://openalex.org/W1768009424, https://openalex.org/W2005684758, https://openalex.org/W2963307345, https://openalex.org/W2160024478, https://openalex.org/W2091116755, https://openalex.org/W2767486812, https://openalex.org/W2801567515, https://openalex.org/W1972454959, https://openalex.org/W2971836485, https://openalex.org/W2884375320, https://openalex.org/W3017166672, https://openalex.org/W3103668758, https://openalex.org/W2915919237, https://openalex.org/W3121468163, https://openalex.org/W2564307581, https://openalex.org/W3174720740, https://openalex.org/W2529326969, https://openalex.org/W3105891255, https://openalex.org/W3101873111, https://openalex.org/W2936349953, https://openalex.org/W147232447, https://openalex.org/W3099420786, https://openalex.org/W3099636223, https://openalex.org/W2996739475, https://openalex.org/W1555056263, https://openalex.org/W3099208366, https://openalex.org/W3105788480, https://openalex.org/W1638576491, https://openalex.org/W3098461838, https://openalex.org/W2726994455, https://openalex.org/W3103125343, https://openalex.org/W3101843301, https://openalex.org/W3101620916, https://openalex.org/W2608102403, https://openalex.org/W1629766194, https://openalex.org/W3099387026, https://openalex.org/W3024157976, https://openalex.org/W3100868971, https://openalex.org/W3101749852, https://openalex.org/W3125990348, https://openalex.org/W143626928, https://openalex.org/W3106280575, https://openalex.org/W3105630117, https://openalex.org/W2096524159, https://openalex.org/W3099085490, https://openalex.org/W2154432883, https://openalex.org/W3101093874, https://openalex.org/W3100275840, https://openalex.org/W3103886831, https://openalex.org/W2058360989, https://openalex.org/W3100723408, https://openalex.org/W3102158786, https://openalex.org/W1643132601, https://openalex.org/W2951926048, https://openalex.org/W3099671844, https://openalex.org/W3100875980, https://openalex.org/W3099058604, https://openalex.org/W3100002480, https://openalex.org/W3099981459, https://openalex.org/W3102644498, https://openalex.org/W3102577130, https://openalex.org/W3101332767, https://openalex.org/W201544236, https://openalex.org/W3104382642, https://openalex.org/W3101141948, https://openalex.org/W322661608, https://openalex.org/W2963454073, https://openalex.org/W3098372069, https://openalex.org/W3099533772, https://openalex.org/W1633065336 |
| referenced_works_count | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 12, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 19, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 16, 37, 46, 49, 66, 88, 98, 107, 158, 171, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 62, 126, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.us | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 30, 95, 110, 129, 152, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 76, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 54, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 111, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 33, 38, 43, 47, 55, 60, 64, 96, 114, 137, 159, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1974 | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.date | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gave | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 70, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Apart | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Event | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Solar | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brief | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 15, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 4, 44, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gives | 143, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probe | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radio | 78, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taken | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 28, 87, 123, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 92, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ways, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beyond | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binary | 5, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bodies | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mildly | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opened | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulsar | 6, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regime | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.waves, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Horizon | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.System. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravity | 27, 131, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orbital | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outlook | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulsars | 23, 53, 79, 102, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regime. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravity. | 18, 89, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerous | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upcoming | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilized | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Depending | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discovery | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existence | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 21, 161, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 26, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Telescope. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.companion, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completely | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlights | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relativity | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weak-field | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possibility | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictions | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slow-motion | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternatives | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 17, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foundations, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduction | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relativistic | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong-field | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verification | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complementary | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravitational | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observatories | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qualitatively | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitatively | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-gravitating | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gravitational-wave | 134 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5014086784 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158571 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95493599 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |