Grid-connected PV inverter system control optimization using Grey Wolf optimized PID controller Article Swipe
Monika Gupta
,
Pyare Mohan Tiwari
,
Rajkumar Viral
,
Ashish Shrivastava
,
Basem Abu Zneid
,
Iryna Hunko
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10617-7
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10617-7
This paper introduces a robust and adaptive control framework that integrates a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller with the bio-inspired Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm for real-time tuning of controller parameters in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter systems. Conventional controllers such as P and PI are widely used in PV applications due to their simplicity, but they exhibit notable limitations in dynamic environments, including increased Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), slower transient response, and poor voltage regulation-particularly under variable irradiance conditions. The proposed GWO-PID method overcomes these limitations by leveraging the GWO algorithm's global search capability to dynamically optimize the PID gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) based on a composite fitness function that minimizes Mean Squared Error (MSE) and THD. The system architecture, simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, comprises a 50 kW PV array with a boost converter employing an Incremental Conductance (INC) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, a three-phase voltage source inverter, RLC filters, and a dual-loop (voltage and current) control system synchronized with the utility grid through a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The GWO algorithm iteratively refines PID parameters to achieve real-time adaptation to environmental fluctuations. Under standard irradiance (1000 W/m²), the GWO-PID controller achieved a rise time of 0.025 s, settling time of 0.035 s, THD of 3.7%, and MSE of 0.25 kW², while maintaining a stable DC-link voltage of 500 V, thereby ensuring compliance with IEEE 519-2014 power quality standards. Across irradiance levels ranging from 400 W/m² to 1000 W/m², the GWO-PID controller consistently maintained DC-link voltage stability and minimized oscillations in PV voltage and current. Compared to traditional PI and P controllers, the proposed method reduced settling time by over 45%, improved power tracking accuracy, and significantly lowered harmonic distortion. Furthermore, it ensured a power factor close to unity and exhibited excellent frequency stability under transient disturbances. Simulation results also confirm the superior performance of the GWO-PID controller in managing active and reactive power exchange, minimizing overshoot, and maintaining synchronization with the grid, even during rapid environmental transitions. By embedding intelligent metaheuristic optimization into a classical PID framework, this work advances the state of inverter control strategies for PV systems. The proposed GWO-PID technique provides a scalable, efficient, and real-time solution that enhances grid compliance, energy quality, and system stability, marking a key advancement in adaptive control for smart grid and microgrid applications.
Related Topics
Concepts
PID controller
Control theory (sociology)
Total harmonic distortion
Settling time
Photovoltaic system
Maximum power point tracking
Computer science
Controller (irrigation)
Voltage
Inverter
Engineering
Step response
Temperature control
Control engineering
Biology
Electrical engineering
Agronomy
Artificial intelligence
Control (management)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10617-7
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-10617-7.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 50
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413034757
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4413034757Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10617-7Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Grid-connected PV inverter system control optimization using Grey Wolf optimized PID controllerWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Monika Gupta, Pyare Mohan Tiwari, Rajkumar Viral, Ashish Shrivastava, Basem Abu Zneid, Iryna HunkoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10617-7Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-10617-7.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-10617-7.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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PID controller, Control theory (sociology), Total harmonic distortion, Settling time, Photovoltaic system, Maximum power point tracking, Computer science, Controller (irrigation), Voltage, Inverter, Engineering, Step response, Temperature control, Control engineering, Biology, Electrical engineering, Agronomy, Artificial intelligence, Control (management)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
50Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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