HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF SACHET-PACKAGED WATER CONSUMPTION IN TAMALE METROPOLIS, GHANA Article Swipe

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Issahaku, Samuel Nabila ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17512877

A human health risk assessment was conducted in the Tamale Metropolis to evaluate potential trace metal contamination through packaged sachet water (PSW). A total of 102 PSW brands produced and sold within the metropolis were sampled between February 2014 and December 2015. Chemical analyses were performed following the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2000). Health risk indicators, including Chronic Daily Intake (CDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI), were assessed using Monte Carlo simulations via @RISK software. The CDI values (µg/kg/day) for nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), sulfate (SO₄), fluoride (F⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) ranged from 0.00 to 28.18. HQ values for individual trace metals and the overall HI (0.235) were below 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk to consumers. The findings suggest that consumption of PSW in Tamale is generally safe concerning trace metal exposure

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Environmental Health

Environmental Science

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Hazard quotient Environmental health Risk assessment Health risk assessment Environmental science Nitrate Health risk Toxicology Exposure assessment Trace metal Hazard Fluoride Arsenic Water supply Consumption (sociology) Medicine Wastewater Nitrite National standard Contamination Hazard analysis Human health Arsenic contamination of groundwater Hazardous waste Health hazard Sulfate Cadmium Environmental engineering Water resource management

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Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17512877
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17512877

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Title: HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF SACHET-PACKAGED WATER CONSUMPTION IN TAMALE METROPOLIS, GHANA

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Authors: Issahaku, Samuel Nabila

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Concepts: Hazard quotient, Environmental health, Risk assessment, Health risk assessment, Environmental science, Nitrate, Health risk, Toxicology, Exposure assessment, Trace metal, Hazard, Fluoride, Arsenic, Water supply, Consumption (sociology), Medicine, Wastewater, Nitrite, National standard, Contamination, Hazard analysis, Human health, Arsenic contamination of groundwater, Hazardous waste, Health hazard, Sulfate, Cadmium, Environmental engineering, Water resource management

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