High precision proton beam monitor system concept design on CSNS based on SiC Article Swipe
Ye He
,
Xingchen Li
,
Z. Xu
,
Ming Qi
,
Congcong Wang
,
Chenwei Wang
,
H. J. Lü
,
Xiaojun Nie
,
Ruirui Fan
,
Hantao Jing
,
Weiming Song
,
Keqi Wang
,
Kai Liu
,
P. Liu
,
Hui Li
,
Zaiyi Li
,
Chenxi Fu
,
Xiyuan Zhang
,
Xiaoshen Kang
,
Zhan Li
,
Weiguo Lü
,
Suyu Xiao
,
X. Shi
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244
A high precision beam monitor system based on silicon carbide PIN sensor is designed for China Spallation Neutron Source 1.6 GeV proton beam to monitor the proton beam fluence.The concept design of the beam monitor system is finished together with front-end electronics with silicon carbide PIN sensors, readout system and mechanical system.Several tests are performed to study the performance of each component of the system.The charge collection of the SiC PIN sensors after proton radiation is studied with 80 MeV proton beam for continuous running. Research on the performance of the front-end electronics and readout system is finished for better data acquisition.The uncertainty of proton beam fluence is below 1% in the beam monitor system.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09244
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244
- OA Status
- green
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4392872730
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4392872730Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
High precision proton beam monitor system concept design on CSNS based on SiCWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-03-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Ye He, Xingchen Li, Z. Xu, Ming Qi, Congcong Wang, Chenwei Wang, H. J. Lü, Xiaojun Nie, Ruirui Fan, Hantao Jing, Weiming Song, Keqi Wang, Kai Liu, P. Liu, Hui Li, Zaiyi Li, Chenxi Fu, Xiyuan Zhang, Xiaoshen Kang, Zhan Li, Weiguo Lü, Suyu Xiao, X. ShiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09244Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Beam (structure), Proton, Materials science, Electronic engineering, Structural engineering, Physics, Engineering, Nuclear physicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4392872730 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4392872730 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | High precision proton beam monitor system concept design on CSNS based on SiC |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T13436 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9710000157356262 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Space Technology and Applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C168834538 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6501762270927429 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Beam (structure) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C54516573 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.648218035697937 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Proton |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5431345105171204 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C24326235 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.3230592608451843 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.2659763693809509 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.22460225224494934 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.21358329057693481 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C185544564 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.18426036834716797 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/beam |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6501762270927429 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Beam (structure) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/proton |
| keywords[1].score | 0.648218035697937 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Proton |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5431345105171204 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering |
| keywords[3].score | 0.3230592608451843 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[4].score | 0.2659763693809509 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.22460225224494934 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.21358329057693481 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.18426036834716797 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.09244 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244 |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | text |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09244 |
| locations[1].id | doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.09244 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, datacite |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101344483 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Ye He |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | He, Ye |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100749621 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-5392 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Xingchen Li |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Li, Xingchen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5107901059 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Z. Xu |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Xu, Zijun |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101807977 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-0181 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Ming Qi |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Qi, Ming |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100358617 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-3480 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Congcong Wang |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Wang, Congcong |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100704324 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-8007 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Chenwei Wang |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Wang, Chenwei |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5110967073 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-9775 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | H. J. Lü |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Lu, Hai |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014553401 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-0778 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Xiaojun Nie |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Nie, Xiaojun |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054082702 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-451X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Ruirui Fan |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Fan, Ruirui |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044354793 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7161 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Hantao Jing |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Jing, Hantao |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006760444 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Weiming Song |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Song, Weiming |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102957216 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-5089 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Keqi Wang |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Wang, Keqi |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100399849 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-5189 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Kai Liu |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Liu, Kai |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036879796 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-8898 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | P. Liu |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Liu, Peilian |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027596606 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-8413 |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Hui Li |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Li, Hui |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028460886 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Zaiyi Li |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | Li, Zaiyi |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034348321 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2930-6804 |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | Chenxi Fu |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | Fu, Chenxi |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5008411659 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7564-346X |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | Xiyuan Zhang |
| authorships[17].author_position | middle |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | Zhang, Xiyuan |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[18].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102579517 |
| authorships[18].author.orcid | |
| authorships[18].author.display_name | Xiaoshen Kang |
| authorships[18].author_position | middle |
| authorships[18].raw_author_name | Kang, Xiaoshen |
| authorships[18].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[19].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100619793 |
| authorships[19].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-6853 |
| authorships[19].author.display_name | Zhan Li |
| authorships[19].author_position | middle |
| authorships[19].raw_author_name | Li, Zhan |
| authorships[19].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[20].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108089993 |
| authorships[20].author.orcid | |
| authorships[20].author.display_name | Weiguo Lü |
| authorships[20].author_position | middle |
| authorships[20].raw_author_name | Lu, Weiguo |
| authorships[20].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[21].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080760442 |
| authorships[21].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-8143 |
| authorships[21].author.display_name | Suyu Xiao |
| authorships[21].author_position | middle |
| authorships[21].raw_author_name | Xiao, Suyu |
| authorships[21].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[22].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091299418 |
| authorships[22].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-9345 |
| authorships[22].author.display_name | X. Shi |
| authorships[22].author_position | last |
| authorships[22].raw_author_name | Shi, Xin |
| authorships[22].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | High precision proton beam monitor system concept design on CSNS based on SiC |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T13436 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9710000157356262 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Space Technology and Applications |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4246450666, https://openalex.org/W4388998267, https://openalex.org/W2898370298, https://openalex.org/W2137437058, https://openalex.org/W4390401159, https://openalex.org/W2744391499, https://openalex.org/W4230250635, https://openalex.org/W2054280239, https://openalex.org/W1603034579, https://openalex.org/W2133631098 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.09244 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244 |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | text |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09244 |
| primary_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.09244 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.09244 |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | text |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.09244 |
| publication_date | 2024-03-14 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1% | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.80 | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 12, 36, 75, 96, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 31, 59, 62, 67, 89, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 7, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 23, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.6 | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GeV | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MeV | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PIN | 10, 45, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SiC | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 49, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 14, 82, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 25, 32, 57, 63, 68, 87, 90, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beam | 3, 22, 27, 33, 81, 105, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 39, 42, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.below | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Source | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.charge | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proton | 21, 26, 73, 80, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 5, 35, 48, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neutron | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbide | 9, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concept | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluence | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitor | 4, 24, 34, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.readout | 47, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 8, 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Research | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finished | 37, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.running. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.together | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.front-end | 40, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Spallation | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collection | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanical | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system.The | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electronics | 41, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluence.The | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 58, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertainty | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system.Several | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acquisition.The | 101 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 23 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |