High resolution profiling of pathways of escape for SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies Article Swipe

PDF

Meghan Garrett , Jared Galloway , Helen Y. Chu , Hannah L. Itell , Caitlin I. Stoddard , Caitlin R. Wolf , Jennifer K. Logue , Dylan McDonald , F. A. Matsen , Julie Overbaugh ·

YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278

SUMMARY Defining long-term protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most pressing questions of our time and will require a detailed understanding of potential ways this virus can evolve to escape immune protection. Immune protection will most likely be mediated by antibodies that bind to the viral entry protein, Spike (S). Here we used Phage-DMS, an approach that comprehensively interrogates the effect of all possible mutations on binding to a protein of interest, to define the profile of antibody escape to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein using COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Antibody binding was common in two regions: the fusion peptide and linker region upstream of the heptad repeat region 2. However, escape mutations were variable within these immunodominant regions. There was also individual variation in less commonly targeted epitopes. This study provides a granular view of potential antibody escape pathways and suggests there will be individual variation in antibody-mediated virus evolution.

Related Topics

Computational Biology

Medicine

Infectious Diseases (Medical Specialty)

Disease

Histopathology

Concepts

Antibody Heptad repeat Immune escape Biology Spike Protein Epitope Virology Coronavirus Virus Viral entry Immune system Computational biology Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Genetics Peptide sequence Viral replication Gene Medicine Infectious disease (medical specialty) Disease Pathology

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
PDF: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf
OA Status: green
Cited By: 17
References: 49
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3106174328

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3106174328

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278

Digital Object Identifier
Title: High resolution profiling of pathways of escape for SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2020

Year of publication
Publication date: 2020-11-16

Full publication date if available
Authors: Meghan Garrett, Jared Galloway, Helen Y. Chu, Hannah L. Itell, Caitlin I. Stoddard, Caitlin R. Wolf, Jennifer K. Logue, Dylan McDonald, F. A. Matsen, Julie Overbaugh

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Antibody, Heptad repeat, Immune escape, Biology, Spike Protein, Epitope, Virology, Coronavirus, Virus, Viral entry, Immune system, Computational biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Genetics, Peptide sequence, Viral replication, Gene, Medicine, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Disease, Pathology

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 17

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2024: 3, 2023: 1, 2022: 3, 2021: 9, 2020: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 49

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W3106174328
doi	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
ids.mag	3106174328
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236010
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W3106174328
fwci	0.40161642
type	preprint
title	High resolution profiling of pathways of escape for SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10118
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	1.0
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2725
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Infectious Diseases
topics[0].display_name	SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T12576
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/13
topics[1].field.display_name	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
topics[1].score	0.9908999800682068
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/1
topics[1].domain.display_name	Life Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1312
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Molecular Biology
topics[1].display_name	vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10041
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.9725000262260437
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2725
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Infectious Diseases
topics[2].display_name	COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C159654299
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.7287471294403076
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460
concepts[0].display_name	Antibody
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C122146531
concepts[1].level	4
concepts[1].score	0.7203379273414612
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920125
concepts[1].display_name	Heptad repeat
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C3018558359
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6798387169837952
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660157
concepts[2].display_name	Immune escape
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[3].level	0
concepts[3].score	0.5489006638526917
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[3].display_name	Biology
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2909509916
concepts[4].level	5
concepts[4].score	0.5290440917015076
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22329850
concepts[4].display_name	Spike Protein
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C195616568
concepts[5].level	3
concepts[5].score	0.527533769607544
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128711
concepts[5].display_name	Epitope
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C159047783
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.5059470534324646
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215
concepts[6].display_name	Virology
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C2777648638
concepts[7].level	5
concepts[7].score	0.44748905301094055
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738
concepts[7].display_name	Coronavirus
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C2522874641
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.441628098487854
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808
concepts[8].display_name	Virus
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C58475186
concepts[9].level	4
concepts[9].score	0.4247712790966034
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118894
concepts[9].display_name	Viral entry
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C8891405
concepts[10].level	2
concepts[10].score	0.4229786992073059
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059
concepts[10].display_name	Immune system
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C70721500
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.3506067991256714
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005
concepts[11].display_name	Computational biology
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C3008058167
concepts[12].level	4
concepts[12].score	0.2996981143951416
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196
concepts[12].display_name	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C54355233
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.28628480434417725
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162
concepts[13].display_name	Genetics
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C167625842
concepts[14].level	3
concepts[14].score	0.28410792350769043
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763
concepts[14].display_name	Peptide sequence
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C140704245
concepts[15].level	3
concepts[15].score	0.17458254098892212
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202
concepts[15].display_name	Viral replication
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C104317684
concepts[16].level	2
concepts[16].score	0.08641362190246582
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187
concepts[16].display_name	Gene
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[17].level	0
concepts[17].score	0.0829971432685852
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[17].display_name	Medicine
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C524204448
concepts[18].level	3
concepts[18].score	0.0
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926
concepts[18].display_name	Infectious disease (medical specialty)
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C2779134260
concepts[19].level	2
concepts[19].score	0.0
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136
concepts[19].display_name	Disease
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C142724271
concepts[20].level	1
concepts[20].score	0.0
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208
concepts[20].display_name	Pathology
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody
keywords[0].score	0.7287471294403076
keywords[0].display_name	Antibody
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/heptad-repeat
keywords[1].score	0.7203379273414612
keywords[1].display_name	Heptad repeat
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-escape
keywords[2].score	0.6798387169837952
keywords[2].display_name	Immune escape
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/biology
keywords[3].score	0.5489006638526917
keywords[3].display_name	Biology
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-protein
keywords[4].score	0.5290440917015076
keywords[4].display_name	Spike Protein
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/epitope
keywords[5].score	0.527533769607544
keywords[5].display_name	Epitope
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/virology
keywords[6].score	0.5059470534324646
keywords[6].display_name	Virology
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus
keywords[7].score	0.44748905301094055
keywords[7].display_name	Coronavirus
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/virus
keywords[8].score	0.441628098487854
keywords[8].display_name	Virus
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-entry
keywords[9].score	0.4247712790966034
keywords[9].display_name	Viral entry
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system
keywords[10].score	0.4229786992073059
keywords[10].display_name	Immune system
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology
keywords[11].score	0.3506067991256714
keywords[11].display_name	Computational biology
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019
keywords[12].score	0.2996981143951416
keywords[12].display_name	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics
keywords[13].score	0.28628480434417725
keywords[13].display_name	Genetics
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence
keywords[14].score	0.28410792350769043
keywords[14].display_name	Peptide sequence
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication
keywords[15].score	0.17458254098892212
keywords[15].display_name	Viral replication
keywords[16].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/gene
keywords[16].score	0.08641362190246582
keywords[16].display_name	Gene
keywords[17].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[17].score	0.0829971432685852
keywords[17].display_name	Medicine
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402567
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf
locations[0].version	acceptedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	posted-content
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
locations[1].id	pmid:33236010
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236010
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7685320
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].license	cc-by
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	Text
locations[2].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	bioRxiv
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7685320
indexed_in	crossref, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5052676969
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-3307
authorships[0].author.display_name	Meghan Garrett
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701, https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[0].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[0].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[0].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Meghan E. Garrett
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5071445210
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-7840
authorships[1].author.display_name	Jared Galloway
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Jared Galloway
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5004611421
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-9600
authorships[2].author.display_name	Helen Y. Chu
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Helen Y. Chu
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5039497070
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8296-8645
authorships[3].author.display_name	Hannah L. Itell
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701, https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[3].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[3].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[3].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Hannah L. Itell
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5063548459
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-3228
authorships[4].author.display_name	Caitlin I. Stoddard
authorships[4].countries	US
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Caitlin I. Stoddard
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5071140863
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-1060
authorships[5].author.display_name	Caitlin R. Wolf
authorships[5].countries	US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Caitlin R. Wolf
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5041885376
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-8960
authorships[6].author.display_name	Jennifer K. Logue
authorships[6].countries	US
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Jennifer K. Logue
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5091204011
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-0930
authorships[7].author.display_name	Dylan McDonald
authorships[7].countries	US
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cvxb145
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I201448701
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	University of Washington
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Dylan McDonald
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5084752404
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-6025
authorships[8].author.display_name	F. A. Matsen
authorships[8].countries	US
authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[8].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[8].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[8].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Frederick A. Matsen
authorships[8].is_corresponding	False
authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5075328638
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0239-9444
authorships[9].author.display_name	Julie Overbaugh
authorships[9].countries	US
authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
authorships[9].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[9].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/007ps6h72
authorships[9].institutions[0].type	nonprofit
authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089486
authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name	Fred Hutch Cancer Center
authorships[9].author_position	last
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Julie Overbaugh
authorships[9].is_corresponding	False
authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings	Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	High resolution profiling of pathways of escape for SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10118
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	1.0
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2725
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Infectious Diseases
primary_topic.display_name	SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
related_works	https://openalex.org/W3045474919, https://openalex.org/W2952383690, https://openalex.org/W3092196583, https://openalex.org/W2152911118, https://openalex.org/W3017562527, https://openalex.org/W2133073089, https://openalex.org/W4394451915, https://openalex.org/W1997027948, https://openalex.org/W4226252242, https://openalex.org/W2052037219
cited_by_count	17
counts_by_year[0].year	2024
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[1].year	2023
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[2].year	2022
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[3].year	2021
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	9
counts_by_year[4].year	2020
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402567
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf
best_oa_location.version	acceptedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	posted-content
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
primary_location.id	doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402567
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I2750212522
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/11/16/2020.11.16.385278.full.pdf
primary_location.version	acceptedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	posted-content
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.16.385278
publication_date	2020-11-16
publication_year	2020
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W3034548712, https://openalex.org/W1965531501, https://openalex.org/W3034425032, https://openalex.org/W2605897695, https://openalex.org/W2913058153, https://openalex.org/W2949415981, https://openalex.org/W3042948364, https://openalex.org/W3090784217, https://openalex.org/W2885744227, https://openalex.org/W3033015248, https://openalex.org/W2143421242, https://openalex.org/W3054045196, https://openalex.org/W2604239613, https://openalex.org/W3045737895, https://openalex.org/W2900126499, https://openalex.org/W3039901154, https://openalex.org/W2124985265, https://openalex.org/W2108234281, https://openalex.org/W3043431476, https://openalex.org/W3084156220, https://openalex.org/W2129100200, https://openalex.org/W2117297429, https://openalex.org/W2159401087, https://openalex.org/W2890891844, https://openalex.org/W2952728533, https://openalex.org/W3025744748, https://openalex.org/W3031830637, https://openalex.org/W3036386821, https://openalex.org/W3035459690, https://openalex.org/W2896765559, https://openalex.org/W3033450058, https://openalex.org/W3022435472, https://openalex.org/W3009932851, https://openalex.org/W3091214020, https://openalex.org/W2127322768, https://openalex.org/W3048714202, https://openalex.org/W1970636382, https://openalex.org/W2762161295, https://openalex.org/W3039692269, https://openalex.org/W3023698680, https://openalex.org/W3034816694, https://openalex.org/W2915804137, https://openalex.org/W3013855790, https://openalex.org/W3080859101, https://openalex.org/W3087845968, https://openalex.org/W3042940033, https://openalex.org/W3042323010, https://openalex.org/W3041953549, https://openalex.org/W3009335299
referenced_works_count	49
abstract_inverted_index.S	84
abstract_inverted_index.a	20, 70, 132
abstract_inverted_index.2.	109
abstract_inverted_index.an	56
abstract_inverted_index.be	39, 144
abstract_inverted_index.by	41
abstract_inverted_index.in	94, 124, 147
abstract_inverted_index.is	7
abstract_inverted_index.of	9, 14, 23, 63, 72, 78, 104, 135
abstract_inverted_index.on	67
abstract_inverted_index.to	5, 30, 45, 69, 74, 81
abstract_inverted_index.we	53
abstract_inverted_index.all	64
abstract_inverted_index.and	17, 100, 140
abstract_inverted_index.can	28
abstract_inverted_index.one	8
abstract_inverted_index.our	15
abstract_inverted_index.the	10, 46, 61, 76, 82, 97, 105
abstract_inverted_index.two	95
abstract_inverted_index.was	92, 120
abstract_inverted_index.(S).	51
abstract_inverted_index.Here	52
abstract_inverted_index.This	129
abstract_inverted_index.also	121
abstract_inverted_index.bind	44
abstract_inverted_index.less	125
abstract_inverted_index.most	11, 37
abstract_inverted_index.that	43, 58
abstract_inverted_index.this	26
abstract_inverted_index.time	16
abstract_inverted_index.used	54
abstract_inverted_index.view	134
abstract_inverted_index.ways	25
abstract_inverted_index.were	113
abstract_inverted_index.will	18, 36, 143
abstract_inverted_index.Spike	50
abstract_inverted_index.There	119
abstract_inverted_index.entry	48
abstract_inverted_index.study	130
abstract_inverted_index.there	142
abstract_inverted_index.these	116
abstract_inverted_index.using	86
abstract_inverted_index.viral	47
abstract_inverted_index.virus	27, 149
abstract_inverted_index.Immune	34
abstract_inverted_index.common	93
abstract_inverted_index.define	75
abstract_inverted_index.effect	62
abstract_inverted_index.escape	31, 80, 111, 138
abstract_inverted_index.evolve	29
abstract_inverted_index.fusion	98
abstract_inverted_index.heptad	106
abstract_inverted_index.immune	32
abstract_inverted_index.likely	38
abstract_inverted_index.linker	101
abstract_inverted_index.region	102, 108
abstract_inverted_index.repeat	107
abstract_inverted_index.within	115
abstract_inverted_index.SUMMARY	0
abstract_inverted_index.binding	68, 91
abstract_inverted_index.peptide	99
abstract_inverted_index.plasma.	89
abstract_inverted_index.profile	77
abstract_inverted_index.protein	71, 85
abstract_inverted_index.require	19
abstract_inverted_index.Antibody	90
abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19	87
abstract_inverted_index.Defining	1
abstract_inverted_index.However,	110
abstract_inverted_index.antibody	79, 137
abstract_inverted_index.approach	57
abstract_inverted_index.commonly	126
abstract_inverted_index.detailed	21
abstract_inverted_index.granular	133
abstract_inverted_index.immunity	4
abstract_inverted_index.mediated	40
abstract_inverted_index.pathways	139
abstract_inverted_index.possible	65
abstract_inverted_index.pressing	12
abstract_inverted_index.protein,	49
abstract_inverted_index.provides	131
abstract_inverted_index.regions.	118
abstract_inverted_index.regions:	96
abstract_inverted_index.suggests	141
abstract_inverted_index.targeted	127
abstract_inverted_index.upstream	103
abstract_inverted_index.variable	114
abstract_inverted_index.epitopes.	128
abstract_inverted_index.interest,	73
abstract_inverted_index.long-term	2
abstract_inverted_index.mutations	66, 112
abstract_inverted_index.potential	24, 136
abstract_inverted_index.questions	13
abstract_inverted_index.variation	123, 146
abstract_inverted_index.Phage-DMS,	55
abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2	6, 83
abstract_inverted_index.antibodies	42
abstract_inverted_index.evolution.	150
abstract_inverted_index.individual	122, 145
abstract_inverted_index.protection	35
abstract_inverted_index.protective	3
abstract_inverted_index.protection.	33
abstract_inverted_index.convalescent	88
abstract_inverted_index.interrogates	60
abstract_inverted_index.understanding	22
abstract_inverted_index.immunodominant	117
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensively	59
abstract_inverted_index.antibody-mediated	148
cited_by_percentile_year.max	99
cited_by_percentile_year.min	89
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	10
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.550000011920929
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Good health and well-being
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.74370865
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False