How are children's perceptions of the home environment associated with a general psychopathology factor across childhood? Article Swipe
Jack K. Nejand
,
Margherita Malanchini
,
Iván Voronin
,
Thalia C. Eley
,
Kaili Rimfeld
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70046
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70046
Background Comorbidity and heterogeneity in psychiatric disorders may stem from a general psychopathology (p) factor influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although the relative contributions of these influences on psychopathology are established, the longitudinal associations between the p‐factor and specific environmental exposures and the aetiology of these associations across development are not well understood. Here, we examine whether twin‐rated home environment contributes to changes in the p‐factor over time or, conversely, whether the p‐factor influences twin‐rated home environment, reflecting potential evocative gene–environment processes. Methods Data were obtained from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Cross‐lagged panel analyses were conducted separately to ascertain the direction of associations between parent‐rated p, twin‐rated p, and twin‐rated home environment (chaos at home and parental discipline) at ages 9, 12, and 16 ( N = 6,213). Biometric autoregressive cross‐lagged twin models were used to assess the aetiology of these associations, and MZ differences analyses were used to control for familial effects. Results Both parent‐rated and twin‐rated p‐factor and twin‐rated home environment were stable over time, although the twin‐rated p‐factor ( r = .44 [0.42, 0.46]–.40 [0.37, 0.41]) was more variable than the parent‐rated p‐factor ( r = .72 [0.71, 0.74]–.63 [0.61, 0.64]). Twin‐rated home environment was more variable than p‐factor in all cross‐lagged models (phenotypic and MZ differences). Small, significant bidirectional associations were found between the p‐factor and twin‐rated home environment, with stronger cross‐lagged paths from the p‐factor to the twin‐rated home environment than vice versa. These longitudinal associations persisted over time, though attenuated for parent‐rated p‐factor. Genetic analyses revealed that bidirectional cross‐lagged paths were largely explained by shared environmental factors, with a smaller proportion explained by genetic factors. This pattern of results was confirmed in MZ difference analyses. Conclusions Our findings suggest a dynamic and bidirectional relationship between p‐factor and twin‐rated home environment across development, predominantly influenced by shared environmental factors. Changes in one can affect the other, highlighting the complexity of psychopathology's environmental influences. This underscores the need for further investigation into gene–environment interplay to inform prevention and intervention strategies for psychopathology.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70046
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jcpp.70046
- OA Status
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- References
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https://openalex.org/W4414066872Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70046Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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How are children's perceptions of the home environment associated with a general psychopathology factor across childhood?Work title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-09-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Jack K. Nejand, Margherita Malanchini, Iván Voronin, Thalia C. Eley, Kaili RimfeldList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70046Publisher landing page
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jcpp.70046Direct link to full text PDF
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jcpp.70046Direct OA link when available
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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62Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.over | 68, 169, 246 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.twin | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 138, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vice | 240 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.with | 227, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Early | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Study | 93 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.Twins | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.panel | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paths | 230, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 27, 47, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 170, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(chaos | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.41]) | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Small, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[0.37, | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[0.42, | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[0.61, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[0.71, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 49, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affect | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inform | 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 136, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other, | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shared | 264, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.though | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versa. | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TEDS). | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.64]). | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6,213). | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Changes | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Genetic | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 36, 107, 220, 294 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.control | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examine | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genetic | 18, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.largely | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pattern | 276 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.smaller | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 58, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.although | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 97, 149, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects. | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors, | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors. | 21, 274, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.familial | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parental | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stronger | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 185, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Biometric | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aetiology | 45, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses. | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ascertain | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direction | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evocative | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explained | 262, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposures | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interplay | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.persisted | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attenuated | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influenced | 15, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences | 28, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportion | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p‐factor | 38, 67, 74, 162, 174, 189, 205, 222, 233, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflecting | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separately | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(phenotypic | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.46]–.40 | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.74]–.63 | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Comorbidity | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Development | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributes | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conversely, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discipline) | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 61, 115, 166, 200, 238, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences. | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychiatric | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p‐factor. | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscores | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understood. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Twin‐rated | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associations | 35, 48, 106, 217, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development, | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment, | 78, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 34, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship | 293 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.associations, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bidirectional | 216, 257, 292 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity | 3 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.autoregressive | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross‐lagged | 134, 208, 229, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parent‐rated | 108, 159, 188, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychopathology | 12, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychopathology. | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychopathology's | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gene–environment | 82, 330 |
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| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
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