How do they add up? The interaction between the placebo and treatment effect: A systematic review Article Swipe
Rémy Boussageon
,
Jeremy Howick
,
Raphael Baron
,
Florian Naudet
,
Bruno Falissard
,
Ghina Harika‐Germaneau
,
Issa Wassouf
,
François Gueyffier
,
Némat Jaafari
,
Clara Blanchard
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15345
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15345
Aim The placebo effect and the specific effect are often thought to add up (additive model). Whether additivity holds can dramatically influence the external validity of a trial. This assumption of additivity was tested by Kleijnen et al in 1994 but the data produced since then have not been synthetized. In this review, we aimed to systematically review the literature to determine whether additivity held. Methods We searched Medline and PsychInfo up to 10 January 2019. Studies using the balanced placebo design (BPD), testing two different strengths of placebos, were included. The presence of interaction was evaluated by comparing each group in the BPD with analysis of variance or covariance. Results Thirty studies were included and the overall risk of bias was high: four found evidence of additivity and 16 studies found evidence of interaction (seven had evidence of positive additivity). Conclusion Evidence of additivity between placebo and specific features of treatments was rare in included studies. We suggest interventions for placebo‐sensitive ailments should be tested in trials designed to take interactions seriously once an exploratory RCTs has proven their efficacy with sufficient internal validity.
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Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15345
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.15345
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 30
- References
- 76
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4225318411
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4225318411Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15345Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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How do they add up? The interaction between the placebo and treatment effect: A systematic reviewWork title
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reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2022Year of publication
- Publication date
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2022-04-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Rémy Boussageon, Jeremy Howick, Raphael Baron, Florian Naudet, Bruno Falissard, Ghina Harika‐Germaneau, Issa Wassouf, François Gueyffier, Némat Jaafari, Clara BlanchardList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15345Publisher landing page
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.15345Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.15345Direct OA link when available
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Placebo, Medicine, Meta-analysis, Internal validity, Additive function, Randomized controlled trial, MEDLINE, Clinical psychology, Internal medicine, Alternative medicine, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Mathematical analysis, PathologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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30Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 13, 2024: 9, 2023: 3, 2022: 4, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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76Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.placebo‐sensitive | 161 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7200000286102295 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.93985467 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |