Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 Expression Induces the Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Article Swipe

PDF

Emmi Kokki , Tommi Karttunen , Venla Olsson , Kati Kinnunen , Seppo Ylä‐Herttuala ·

YOU? · · 2018 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression induces age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a common vision-threatening disease due to choroidal neovascularization and a fibrovascular membrane. We describe a mouse model of neovascular AMD with the local expression of human VEGF-A165 in the eye. We use a transgenic mouse in which human VEGF-A165 has been silenced with the loxP-STOP fragment. The choroidal neovascularization and human VEGF-A165 expression in the mouse are induced by subretinal adenoviral Cre gene delivery. Cre gene transfer is compared with adenoviral LacZ gene transfer control. We characterize the AMD phenotype and changes in the vasculature by using fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and immunohistochemistry. At early time points, mice exhibit increases in retinal thickness (348 ± 114 µm vs. 231 ± 32 µm) and choroidal neovascularization area (12000 ± 15174 µm2 vs. 2169 ± 3495 µm2) compared with the control. At later time points, choroidal neovascularization develops into subretinal fibrovascular membrane. Human VEGF-A165 expression lasts several weeks. In conclusion, the retinas display vascular abnormalities consistent with choroidal neovascularization. Together with immunohistochemical findings, these changes resemble clinical AMD-like ocular pathologies. We conclude that this mouse model of Cre-induced choroidal neovascularization is useful for mimicking the pathogenesis of AMD, studying the effects of human VEGF-A165 in the retina, and evaluating anti-VEGF treatments for choroidal neovascularization.

Related Topics

Concepts

Macular degeneration Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular endothelial growth factor A Degeneration (medical) Growth factor Biology Medicine Cell biology Cancer research VEGF receptors Ophthalmology Internal medicine Receptor

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
PDF: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 7
References: 71
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W2889537918

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W2889537918

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 Expression Induces the Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2018

Year of publication
Publication date: 2018-08-31

Full publication date if available
Authors: Emmi Kokki, Tommi Karttunen, Venla Olsson, Kati Kinnunen, Seppo Ylä‐Herttuala

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Macular degeneration, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Degeneration (medical), Growth factor, Biology, Medicine, Cell biology, Cancer research, VEGF receptors, Ophthalmology, Internal medicine, Receptor

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 7

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2024: 3, 2022: 1, 2021: 1, 2020: 1, 2019: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 71

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W2889537918
doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
ids.mag	2889537918
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30200369
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W2889537918
fwci	0.76688712
type	article
title	Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 Expression Induces the Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
awards[0].id	https://openalex.org/G4742471455
awards[0].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320321726
awards[0].display_name
awards[0].funder_award_id	Anja ja Mirja Tissarin rahasto
awards[0].funder_display_name	Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
awards[1].id	https://openalex.org/G6022200566
awards[1].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320327840
awards[1].display_name
awards[1].funder_award_id	-
awards[1].funder_display_name	Otto A. Malm Lahjoitusrahasto
awards[2].id	https://openalex.org/G4868133076
awards[2].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320321108
awards[2].display_name
awards[2].funder_award_id	-
awards[2].funder_display_name	Academy of Finland
awards[3].id	https://openalex.org/G2206123575
awards[3].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320328031
awards[3].display_name
awards[3].funder_award_id	-
awards[3].funder_display_name	Silmä- ja kudospankkisäätiö
biblio.issue	9
biblio.volume	9
biblio.last_page	438
biblio.first_page	438
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10170
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	0.9966999888420105
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2731
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Ophthalmology
topics[0].display_name	Retinal Diseases and Treatments
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10422
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/13
topics[1].field.display_name	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
topics[1].score	0.9872999787330627
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/1
topics[1].domain.display_name	Life Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1312
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Molecular Biology
topics[1].display_name	Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T12955
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/24
topics[2].field.display_name	Immunology and Microbiology
topics[2].score	0.9850999712944031
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/1
topics[2].domain.display_name	Life Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2403
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Immunology
topics[2].display_name	Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320321108
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/05k73zm37
funders[0].display_name	Academy of Finland
funders[1].id	https://openalex.org/F4320321726
funders[1].ror	https://ror.org/027xav248
funders[1].display_name	Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
funders[2].id	https://openalex.org/F4320327840
funders[2].ror	https://ror.org/05srazs86
funders[2].display_name	Otto A. Malm Lahjoitusrahasto
funders[3].id	https://openalex.org/F4320328031
funders[3].ror
funders[3].display_name	Silmä- ja kudospankkisäätiö
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	2400
apc_list.currency	CHF
apc_list.value_usd	2598
apc_paid.value	2400
apc_paid.currency	CHF
apc_paid.value_usd	2598
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2776403814
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.8891661167144775
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789
concepts[0].display_name	Macular degeneration
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2777025900
concepts[1].level	3
concepts[1].score	0.5316019058227539
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29725
concepts[1].display_name	Vascular endothelial growth factor
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C146285616
concepts[2].level	4
concepts[2].score	0.5181300044059753
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7916455
concepts[2].display_name	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C2779354088
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.4722822606563568
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15467261
concepts[3].display_name	Degeneration (medical)
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2775960820
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.4361928105354309
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408378
concepts[4].display_name	Growth factor
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[5].level	0
concepts[5].score	0.42251232266426086
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[5].display_name	Biology
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[6].level	0
concepts[6].score	0.3396522104740143
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[6].display_name	Medicine
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C95444343
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.32452863454818726
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141
concepts[7].display_name	Cell biology
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C502942594
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.31584250926971436
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914
concepts[8].display_name	Cancer research
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C167734588
concepts[9].level	2
concepts[9].score	0.30627208948135376
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4356503
concepts[9].display_name	VEGF receptors
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C118487528
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.301501601934433
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437
concepts[10].display_name	Ophthalmology
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.28708553314208984
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[11].display_name	Internal medicine
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C170493617
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.1579243242740631
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467
concepts[12].display_name	Receptor
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration
keywords[0].score	0.8891661167144775
keywords[0].display_name	Macular degeneration
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-endothelial-growth-factor
keywords[1].score	0.5316019058227539
keywords[1].display_name	Vascular endothelial growth factor
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-a
keywords[2].score	0.5181300044059753
keywords[2].display_name	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneration
keywords[3].score	0.4722822606563568
keywords[3].display_name	Degeneration (medical)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-factor
keywords[4].score	0.4361928105354309
keywords[4].display_name	Growth factor
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/biology
keywords[5].score	0.42251232266426086
keywords[5].display_name	Biology
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[6].score	0.3396522104740143
keywords[6].display_name	Medicine
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology
keywords[7].score	0.32452863454818726
keywords[7].display_name	Cell biology
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-research
keywords[8].score	0.31584250926971436
keywords[8].display_name	Cancer research
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/vegf-receptors
keywords[9].score	0.30627208948135376
keywords[9].display_name	VEGF receptors
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology
keywords[10].score	0.301501601934433
keywords[10].display_name	Ophthalmology
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[11].score	0.28708553314208984
keywords[11].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor
keywords[12].score	0.1579243242740631
keywords[12].display_name	Receptor
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.3390/genes9090438
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S194631498
locations[0].source.issn	2073-4425
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2073-4425
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Genes
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Genes
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
locations[1].id	pmid:30200369
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Genes
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30200369
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d59ab29389f4447b7b56f446b0403c4
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[2].source.host_organization
locations[2].source.host_organization_name
locations[2].license	cc-by-sa
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Genes, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 438 (2018)
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/4d59ab29389f4447b7b56f446b0403c4
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5125759
locations[3].is_oa	True
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400806
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1303153112
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	European Bioinformatics Institute
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1303153112
locations[3].license	other-oa
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	Text
locations[3].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name
locations[3].landing_page_url	http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6162490
locations[4].id	pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4425/9/9/438/
locations[4].is_oa	True
locations[4].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400947
locations[4].source.issn
locations[4].source.type	repository
locations[4].source.is_oa	True
locations[4].source.issn_l
locations[4].source.is_core	False
locations[4].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[4].source.display_name	MDPI (MDPI AG)
locations[4].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I4210097602
locations[4].source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)
locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210097602
locations[4].license	cc-by
locations[4].pdf_url
locations[4].version	submittedVersion
locations[4].raw_type	Text
locations[4].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[4].is_accepted	False
locations[4].is_published	False
locations[4].raw_source_name	Genes
locations[4].landing_page_url	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
locations[5].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6162490
locations[5].is_oa	True
locations[5].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[5].source.issn
locations[5].source.type	repository
locations[5].source.is_oa	False
locations[5].source.issn_l
locations[5].source.is_core	False
locations[5].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[5].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[5].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[5].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[5].license	other-oa
locations[5].pdf_url
locations[5].version	submittedVersion
locations[5].raw_type	Text
locations[5].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa
locations[5].is_accepted	False
locations[5].is_published	False
locations[5].raw_source_name	Genes (Basel)
locations[5].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6162490
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5011003761
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-0134
authorships[0].author.display_name	Emmi Kokki
authorships[0].countries	FI
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Emmi Kokki
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5049262691
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-9451
authorships[1].author.display_name	Tommi Karttunen
authorships[1].countries	FI
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00fqdfs68
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Kuopio University Hospital
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Tommi Karttunen
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5043203572
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Venla Olsson
authorships[2].countries	FI
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Venla Olsson
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5002292292
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-0552
authorships[3].author.display_name	Kati Kinnunen
authorships[3].countries	FI
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00fqdfs68
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Kuopio University Hospital
authorships[3].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[3].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[3].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code	FI
authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Kati Kinnunen
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70029 Kuopio, Finland, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5014220812
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-2708
authorships[4].author.display_name	Seppo Ylä‐Herttuala
authorships[4].countries	FI
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00fqdfs68
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210092991
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Kuopio University Hospital
authorships[4].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[4].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[4].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code	FI
authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[4].author_position	last
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
authorships[4].is_corresponding	True
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70150 Kuopio, Finland, Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2018-09-07T00:00:00
display_name	Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A165 Expression Induces the Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10170
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	0.9966999888420105
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2731
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Ophthalmology
primary_topic.display_name	Retinal Diseases and Treatments
related_works	https://openalex.org/W4307908351, https://openalex.org/W4254185523, https://openalex.org/W2076049271, https://openalex.org/W2413160507, https://openalex.org/W2384535579, https://openalex.org/W2407035760, https://openalex.org/W629251600, https://openalex.org/W3146004296, https://openalex.org/W2996960657, https://openalex.org/W2551041115
cited_by_count	7
counts_by_year[0].year	2024
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[1].year	2022
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[2].year	2021
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[3].year	2020
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[4].year	2019
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	6
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.3390/genes9090438
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S194631498
best_oa_location.source.issn	2073-4425
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2073-4425
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Genes
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Genes
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
primary_location.id	doi:10.3390/genes9090438
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S194631498
primary_location.source.issn	2073-4425
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2073-4425
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Genes
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/9/438/pdf?version=1535721192
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Genes
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9090438
publication_date	2018-08-31
publication_year	2018
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2114112168, https://openalex.org/W2086868386, https://openalex.org/W2569712664, https://openalex.org/W2086256951, https://openalex.org/W1488706857, https://openalex.org/W1970240314, https://openalex.org/W2080591818, https://openalex.org/W2051149451, https://openalex.org/W2051842051, https://openalex.org/W6632533870, https://openalex.org/W2062478098, https://openalex.org/W6629308680, https://openalex.org/W2191802148, https://openalex.org/W2094971722, https://openalex.org/W1528956923, https://openalex.org/W2052714629, https://openalex.org/W2347205644, https://openalex.org/W2425862366, https://openalex.org/W2317239421, https://openalex.org/W6631456260, https://openalex.org/W6600514873, https://openalex.org/W2005837470, https://openalex.org/W6852672185, https://openalex.org/W1998100932, https://openalex.org/W2038283486, https://openalex.org/W2109836841, https://openalex.org/W2738261991, https://openalex.org/W2082335148, https://openalex.org/W2031284537, https://openalex.org/W2032749652, https://openalex.org/W12460925, https://openalex.org/W1977141171, https://openalex.org/W2105123991, https://openalex.org/W2317059799, https://openalex.org/W2063028754, https://openalex.org/W2064490560, https://openalex.org/W2025869445, https://openalex.org/W2061182836, https://openalex.org/W2050819567, https://openalex.org/W2049978634, https://openalex.org/W2087352632, https://openalex.org/W1978634585, https://openalex.org/W1544209267, https://openalex.org/W2258772674, https://openalex.org/W2142309352, https://openalex.org/W2038099231, https://openalex.org/W2028291183, https://openalex.org/W1489281785, https://openalex.org/W2057708342, https://openalex.org/W2045031393, https://openalex.org/W1973389197, https://openalex.org/W1618162090, https://openalex.org/W6629365259, https://openalex.org/W2761366732, https://openalex.org/W6636484930, https://openalex.org/W1984394834, https://openalex.org/W2166984623, https://openalex.org/W6684635214, https://openalex.org/W2148522103, https://openalex.org/W1975238335, https://openalex.org/W2017977495, https://openalex.org/W2126360899, https://openalex.org/W2049537377, https://openalex.org/W2125325512, https://openalex.org/W1996703105, https://openalex.org/W1993841892, https://openalex.org/W2129582102, https://openalex.org/W6678841997, https://openalex.org/W2325753945, https://openalex.org/W2322318138, https://openalex.org/W2160185857
referenced_works_count	71
abstract_inverted_index.a	13, 22, 27, 45
abstract_inverted_index.32	124
abstract_inverted_index.At	107, 143
abstract_inverted_index.In	160
abstract_inverted_index.We	25, 43, 88, 182
abstract_inverted_index.by	71, 98
abstract_inverted_index.in	40, 48, 66, 95, 114, 206
abstract_inverted_index.is	12, 80, 192
abstract_inverted_index.of	30, 37, 188, 198, 203
abstract_inverted_index.to	18
abstract_inverted_index.±	118, 123, 131, 136
abstract_inverted_index.114	119
abstract_inverted_index.231	122
abstract_inverted_index.AMD	32, 91
abstract_inverted_index.Cre	74, 77
abstract_inverted_index.The	59
abstract_inverted_index.and	21, 62, 93, 105, 126, 209
abstract_inverted_index.are	69
abstract_inverted_index.due	17
abstract_inverted_index.for	194, 213
abstract_inverted_index.has	52
abstract_inverted_index.the	34, 41, 56, 67, 90, 96, 141, 162, 196, 201, 207
abstract_inverted_index.use	44
abstract_inverted_index.vs.	121, 134
abstract_inverted_index.µm	120
abstract_inverted_index.(348	117
abstract_inverted_index.2169	135
abstract_inverted_index.3495	137
abstract_inverted_index.AMD,	199
abstract_inverted_index.LacZ	84
abstract_inverted_index.area	129
abstract_inverted_index.been	53
abstract_inverted_index.eye.	42
abstract_inverted_index.gene	75, 78, 85
abstract_inverted_index.into	150
abstract_inverted_index.mice	111
abstract_inverted_index.that	184
abstract_inverted_index.this	185
abstract_inverted_index.time	109, 145
abstract_inverted_index.with	33, 55, 82, 140, 168, 172
abstract_inverted_index.µm)	125
abstract_inverted_index.µm2	133
abstract_inverted_index.15174	132
abstract_inverted_index.Human	154
abstract_inverted_index.early	108
abstract_inverted_index.human	38, 50, 63, 204
abstract_inverted_index.lasts	157
abstract_inverted_index.later	144
abstract_inverted_index.local	35
abstract_inverted_index.model	29, 187
abstract_inverted_index.mouse	28, 47, 68, 186
abstract_inverted_index.these	175
abstract_inverted_index.using	99
abstract_inverted_index.which	11, 49
abstract_inverted_index.µm2)	138
abstract_inverted_index.(12000	130
abstract_inverted_index.(AMD),	10
abstract_inverted_index.(VEGF)	4
abstract_inverted_index.common	14
abstract_inverted_index.factor	3
abstract_inverted_index.growth	2
abstract_inverted_index.ocular	180
abstract_inverted_index.useful	193
abstract_inverted_index.weeks.	159
abstract_inverted_index.changes	94, 176
abstract_inverted_index.disease	16
abstract_inverted_index.display	164
abstract_inverted_index.effects	202
abstract_inverted_index.exhibit	112
abstract_inverted_index.induced	70
abstract_inverted_index.induces	6
abstract_inverted_index.macular	8
abstract_inverted_index.optical	102
abstract_inverted_index.points,	110, 146
abstract_inverted_index.retina,	208
abstract_inverted_index.retinal	115
abstract_inverted_index.retinas	163
abstract_inverted_index.several	158
abstract_inverted_index.AMD-like	179
abstract_inverted_index.Together	171
abstract_inverted_index.Vascular	0
abstract_inverted_index.clinical	178
abstract_inverted_index.compared	81, 139
abstract_inverted_index.conclude	183
abstract_inverted_index.control.	87, 142
abstract_inverted_index.describe	26
abstract_inverted_index.develops	149
abstract_inverted_index.resemble	177
abstract_inverted_index.silenced	54
abstract_inverted_index.studying	200
abstract_inverted_index.transfer	79, 86
abstract_inverted_index.vascular	165
abstract_inverted_index.VEGF-A165	39, 51, 64, 155, 205
abstract_inverted_index.anti-VEGF	211
abstract_inverted_index.choroidal	19, 60, 127, 147, 169, 190, 214
abstract_inverted_index.coherence	103
abstract_inverted_index.delivery.	76
abstract_inverted_index.findings,	174
abstract_inverted_index.fragment.	58
abstract_inverted_index.increases	113
abstract_inverted_index.loxP-STOP	57
abstract_inverted_index.membrane.	24, 153
abstract_inverted_index.mimicking	195
abstract_inverted_index.phenotype	92
abstract_inverted_index.thickness	116
abstract_inverted_index.adenoviral	73, 83
abstract_inverted_index.consistent	167
abstract_inverted_index.evaluating	210
abstract_inverted_index.expression	5, 36, 65, 156
abstract_inverted_index.subretinal	72, 151
abstract_inverted_index.transgenic	46
abstract_inverted_index.treatments	212
abstract_inverted_index.Cre-induced	189
abstract_inverted_index.age-related	7
abstract_inverted_index.conclusion,	161
abstract_inverted_index.endothelial	1
abstract_inverted_index.fluorescein	100
abstract_inverted_index.neovascular	31
abstract_inverted_index.tomography,	104
abstract_inverted_index.vasculature	97
abstract_inverted_index.angiography,	101
abstract_inverted_index.characterize	89
abstract_inverted_index.degeneration	9
abstract_inverted_index.pathogenesis	197
abstract_inverted_index.pathologies.	181
abstract_inverted_index.abnormalities	166
abstract_inverted_index.fibrovascular	23, 152
abstract_inverted_index.neovascularization	20, 61, 128, 148, 191
abstract_inverted_index.vision-threatening	15
abstract_inverted_index.immunohistochemical	173
abstract_inverted_index.neovascularization.	170, 215
abstract_inverted_index.immunohistochemistry.	106
cited_by_percentile_year.max	97
cited_by_percentile_year.min	89
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5014220812
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	5
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246, https://openalex.org/I4210092991
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.7900000214576721
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Good health and well-being
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.69749233
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False