“Hungarian Mine Green”, a Semi‐Natural Copper Pigment from Banská Bystrica Region (Slovakia) ‐ Analytical Evidence and Laboratory Replication Article Swipe
Markéta Žůrková-Kokošková
,
David Hradil
,
Janka Hradilová
,
Petr Bezdička
,
Silvie Švarcová
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500053
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500053
A comprehensive approach is taken to investigate the “Hungarian mine green” pigment, including a historical overview, analysis of the pigment on artworks, and its laboratory replication. It is known that in the past, the pigment is collected in wooden reservoirs in which copper (Cu) compounds precipitated from drainage water during copper mining at Špania Dolina–Piesky and Ľubietová deposits, Slovakia. Microsamples of four polychrome wooden sculptures from the 16th‐17th centuries are examined. Posnjakite (Cu 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ·H 2 O) and malachite (Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 ) are most frequently detected by X‐ray powder microdiffraction. In rock samples from the mine site, brochantite (Cu 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ) and malachite are dominant, and in recent precipitates, only langite (Cu 4 SO 4 (OH) 6 ·2H 2 O) is detected, remained in contact with leaking water. In the laboratory, the pigment is prepared by gradually enriching the starting CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O solution with NaHCO 3 in two series of experiments. The initial concentration of the reactants reflected the ratio of Cu 2+ : HCO 3 − = 1:1 found in the mine waters at the site, from which langite crystallizes. However, langite does not formed, while brochantite gradually transformed into posnjakite and subsequently malachite. The co‐occurrence of basic copper sulfates and carbonates and the characteristic grain morphology proved to be the main indicators of the pigment in artworks.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500053
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cplu.202500053
- OA Status
- hybrid
- References
- 24
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410078622
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4410078622Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500053Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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“Hungarian Mine Green”, a Semi‐Natural Copper Pigment from Banská Bystrica Region (Slovakia) ‐ Analytical Evidence and Laboratory ReplicationWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-05-05Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Markéta Žůrková-Kokošková, David Hradil, Janka Hradilová, Petr Bezdička, Silvie ŠvarcováList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500053Publisher landing page
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cplu.202500053Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cplu.202500053Direct OA link when available
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Copper, Replication (statistics), Natural (archaeology), Pigment, Mineralogy, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Biology, Geography, Archaeology, Organic chemistry, VirologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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