Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index-Based Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Use in the Arid Ewaso Ng’iro–Lagh Dera Basin, Kenya Article Swipe
Tabitha Wambui Githinji
,
E. Dindi
,
Zacharia Kuria
,
Daniel Olago
,
Chrysanthus Muchori Gicheruh
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.0904.v1
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.0904.v1
Groundwater is the main source of water for both domestic and agricultural use in arid regions. This study assessed the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation in Kenya’s Ewaso Ng’iro–Lagh Dera Basin. A total of 129 borehole samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, and major ions. The groundwater was found to be mostly neutral to slightly alkaline and ranged from marginal to brackish in salinity. The dominant water type is Na-HCO₃, with the ionic order Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻. Mineral saturation indices indicate the water is undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite, but saturated with calcite, dolomite, and aragonite. Groundwater chemistry is primarily influenced by ion exchange and rock weathering processes. The Water Quality Index (WQI) reveals that much of the groundwater is rated poor to unsuitable for drinking, largely due to high levels of sodium, EC, and bicarbonate. Similarly, the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) places most samples in the moderate to severe restriction category due to salinity and sodicity. These findings highlight the need for proper treatment before use.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.0904.v1
- https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/038fe7e8c425b88bc60108c4da984371/download_pub
- OA Status
- green
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409400347
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4409400347Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.0904.v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index-Based Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Use in the Arid Ewaso Ng’iro–Lagh Dera Basin, KenyaWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tabitha Wambui Githinji, E. Dindi, Zacharia Kuria, Daniel Olago, Chrysanthus Muchori GicheruhList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.0904.v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/038fe7e8c425b88bc60108c4da984371/download_pubDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/038fe7e8c425b88bc60108c4da984371/download_pubDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Arid, Water resource management, Groundwater, Irrigation, Structural basin, Index (typography), Environmental science, Water quality, Hydrology (agriculture), Geology, Geomorphology, Geotechnical engineering, Computer science, Ecology, Paleontology, World Wide Web, BiologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.dominant | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drinking | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exchange | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marginal | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salinity | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slightly | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HCO₃⁻ | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Kenya’s | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NO₃⁻. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemistry | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dolomite, | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drinking, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardness, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primarily | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salinity. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saturated | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sodicity. | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Irrigation | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Na-HCO₃, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SO₄²⁻ | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Similarly, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anhydrite, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aragonite. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrical | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influenced | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.irrigation | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes. | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saturation | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unsuitable | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weathering | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Groundwater | 0, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groundwater | 25, 57, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.restriction | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitability | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bicarbonate. | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conductivity | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undersaturated | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ng’iro–Lagh | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogeochemical | 20 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.13004901 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |