Chlamydia trachomatis subverts neutrophil cell death pathways through RIP3 and Mcl-1 manipulation Article Swipe
Robert Koch
,
Naveen Challagundla
,
Kathrin Stelzner
,
Thomas Rudel
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25
Chlamydia trachomatis , an obligate intracellular pathogen, manipulates host cells to evade immune detection, contributing to sexually transmitted diseases with severe complications. Neutrophils, short-lived effector cells, form the first line of innate immune defense against infection. Here, we demonstrate that Chlamydia infection extends the lifespan of human neutrophils, creating a cellular niche for its own survival. Lifespan extension involves the neutrophil PI3K/Akt- and the NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, infection activates the necroptotic effector receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) without inducing cell death. Instead, RIP3 stabilizes the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, enhancing neutrophil survival. This extended survival of neutrophils correlates with an increased number of infectious Chlamydia particles. Mcl-1 plays a critical role in neutrophil survival, lifespan extension, and Chlamydia survival. Notably, inhibiting RIP3 reduces Mcl-1 levels in neutrophils without affecting their survival. Under these conditions, however, Chlamydia load increases, and the dependence on Mcl-1 is bypassed. Our data reveal a new role for necroptosis in neutrophil defense against intracellular Chlamydia , highlighting a complex interplay between RIP3 and Mcl-1 that extends neutrophil lifespan and enhances Chlamydia survival within these hostile cells. IMPORTANCE This study reveals how Chlamydia trachomatis , a common sexually transmitted bacterium, manipulates the body’s first immune responders, the neutrophils, to aid its own survival. Normally short-lived, neutrophils live longer when infected by Chlamydia , creating a safe environment for the bacteria. This lifespan extension is driven by specific cell survival signals and a protein called RIP3, which surprisingly does not cause cell death here, but helps stabilize another protein, Mcl-1, that keeps neutrophils alive. Blocking RIP3 reduces Mcl-1, but Chlamydia still manages to survive, suggesting it can adapt to changes in the host environment. These findings uncover a new layer of complexity in how our immune system interacts with infections and could inform future strategies for treating Chlamydia and similar infections.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 54
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4414861211
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4414861211Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Chlamydia trachomatis subverts neutrophil cell death pathways through RIP3 and Mcl-1 manipulationWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-10-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Robert Koch, Naveen Challagundla, Kathrin Stelzner, Thomas RudelList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
54Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4414861211 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41051248 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4414861211 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D009504 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Neutrophils |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D009504 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Neutrophils |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D009504 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Neutrophils |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D064549 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D064549 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D002692 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D002692 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000472 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D002692 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | pathogenicity |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D053422 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D053422 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D015398 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Signal Transduction |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D002690 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Chlamydia Infections |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D002690 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Chlamydia Infections |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D016923 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Cell Death |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D054884 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Host-Pathogen Interactions |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D000079302 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Necroptosis |
| type | article |
| title | Chlamydia trachomatis subverts neutrophil cell death pathways through RIP3 and Mcl-1 manipulation |
| biblio.issue | 11 |
| biblio.volume | 16 |
| biblio.last_page | e0209825 |
| biblio.first_page | e0209825 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10371 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9904999732971191 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[0].display_name | Immune Response and Inflammation |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11078 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9890000224113464 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].display_name | Inflammasome and immune disorders |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11510 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9217000007629395 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[2].display_name | Reproductive System and Pregnancy |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3900 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3900 |
| apc_paid.value | 3900 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3900 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201176 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2150-7511, 2161-2129 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2150-7511 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | mBio |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | mBio |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:41051248 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | mBio |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41051248 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d6b5fe6374649fd93c6989604aedbdf |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | mBio, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/7d6b5fe6374649fd93c6989604aedbdf |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11419074 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12607863 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111886592 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Robert Koch |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00fbnyb24 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Würzburg |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Rebecca Koch |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048829973 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Naveen Challagundla |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00fbnyb24 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Würzburg |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Naveen Challagundla |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009460594 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Kathrin Stelzner |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00fbnyb24 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Würzburg |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Kathrin Stelzner |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019230382 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-6991 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Thomas Rudel |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00fbnyb24 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25974101 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Würzburg |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Thomas Rudel |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-07T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Chlamydia trachomatis subverts neutrophil cell death pathways through RIP3 and Mcl-1 manipulation |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10371 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9904999732971191 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Immune Response and Inflammation |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201176 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2150-7511, 2161-2129 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2150-7511 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | mBio |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | mBio |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201176 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2150-7511, 2161-2129 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2150-7511 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | mBio |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | mBio |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02098-25 |
| publication_date | 2025-10-06 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4401664950, https://openalex.org/W2116059401, https://openalex.org/W2058767522, https://openalex.org/W2809387655, https://openalex.org/W4320725714, https://openalex.org/W2092667396, https://openalex.org/W2145528532, https://openalex.org/W4406759782, https://openalex.org/W2000985537, https://openalex.org/W2145070308, https://openalex.org/W2895563103, https://openalex.org/W1995819865, https://openalex.org/W2126306838, https://openalex.org/W3193782737, https://openalex.org/W1966902878, https://openalex.org/W2123981640, https://openalex.org/W2586679885, https://openalex.org/W2766031263, https://openalex.org/W2159679709, https://openalex.org/W4286721860, https://openalex.org/W3210566237, https://openalex.org/W2893758960, https://openalex.org/W2137986638, https://openalex.org/W2150837609, https://openalex.org/W2059205152, https://openalex.org/W2167279371, https://openalex.org/W1852641270, https://openalex.org/W4406146642, https://openalex.org/W2049053145, https://openalex.org/W2123621979, https://openalex.org/W2035823091, https://openalex.org/W343992790, https://openalex.org/W2043508302, https://openalex.org/W1970565466, https://openalex.org/W2900898320, https://openalex.org/W3185591284, https://openalex.org/W2125963106, https://openalex.org/W2024186588, https://openalex.org/W2583034093, https://openalex.org/W2149900898, https://openalex.org/W1537427751, https://openalex.org/W1995878762, https://openalex.org/W3041706475, https://openalex.org/W2035806681, https://openalex.org/W2565402466, https://openalex.org/W2052605153, https://openalex.org/W2005928313, https://openalex.org/W4389289269, https://openalex.org/W1601674167, https://openalex.org/W3125041542, https://openalex.org/W2327318668, https://openalex.org/W1950028738, https://openalex.org/W2091561409, https://openalex.org/W2133071401 |
| referenced_works_count | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index., | 3, 161, 189, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 50, 110, 150, 163, 190, 219, 236, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 4, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 215, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 113, 127, 155, 274, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 145, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 31, 46, 97, 104, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 11, 16, 203, 266, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aid | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 63, 118, 140, 168, 174, 235, 294, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 248, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 53, 153, 222, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 186, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 54, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 151, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.own | 55, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 28, 44, 60, 64, 72, 87, 141, 196, 201, 223, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RIP3 | 85, 123, 167, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 94, 183, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 82, 232, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.does | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 9, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.line | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.live | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 112, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safe | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 40, 170, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 20, 100, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mcl-1 | 108, 125, 144, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RIP3, | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Under | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adapt | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cause | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.death | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evade | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 29, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.helps | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.here, | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeps | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.niche | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 134, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RIP3) | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mcl-1, | 90, 253, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NF-κB | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alive. | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.called | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.death. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driven | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 13, 33, 199, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inform | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innate | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kinase | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longer | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 35, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.another | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defense | 34, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extends | 43, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hostile | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manages | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein | 76, 89, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 124, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveals | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncover | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 80, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ABSTRACT | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Blocking | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Instead, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lifespan | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Normally | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Notably, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.body’s | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creating | 49, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effector | 25, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhances | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inducing | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infected | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involves | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lifespan | 45, 116, 173, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obligate | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein, | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sexually | 17, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival | 96, 177, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survive, | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treating | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Chlamydia | 1, 41, 106, 119, 137, 160, 176, 187, 216, 263, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PI3K/Akt- | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activates | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacteria. | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bypassed. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extension | 58, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 42, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interacts | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interplay | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogen, | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathways. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signaling | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stabilize | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival. | 56, 93, 120, 132, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IMPORTANCE | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacterium, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlates | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependence | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection, | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extension, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infectious | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibiting | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutrophil | 61, 92, 114, 156, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stabilizes | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections. | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulates | 8, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necroptosis | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necroptotic | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutrophils | 98, 128, 210, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responders, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short-lived | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trachomatis | 2, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmitted | 18, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neutrophils, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributing | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment. | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutrophils, | 48, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short-lived, | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surprisingly | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intracellular | 6, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-apoptotic | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complications. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor-interacting | 75 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.52564136 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |