Traditionally Used Lathyrus Species: Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, Cytotoxic Effects, and in silico Studies of L. czeczottianus and L. nissolia Article Swipe
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· 2017
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00083
· OA: W2590989747
Members of the genus <i>Lathyrus</i> are used as food and as traditional medicines. In order to find new sources of biologically-active compounds, chemical and biological profiles of two <i>Lathyrus</i> species (<i>L. czeczottianus</i> and <i>L. nissolia)</i> were investigated. Chemical profiles were evaluated by HPLC-ESI-MS<sup>n</sup>, as well as by their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects were also investigated. Antioxidant properties were tested by using different assays (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation). Cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were used to evaluate enzyme inhibitory effects. Moreover, vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were further subjected to molecular docking experiments to provide insights about their interactions at molecular level with the tested enzymes. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxic effects were examined against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) by using iCELLigence real time cell analysis system. Generally, <i>L. czeczottianus</i> exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than <i>L. nissolia</i>. However, <i>L. nissolia</i> had remarkable enzyme inhibitory effects against cholinesterase, amylase and glucosidase. HPLC-ESI-MS<sup>n</sup> analysis revealed that flavonoids were major components in these extracts. On the basis of these results, <i>Lathyrus</i> extracts were rich in biologically active components; thus, these species could be utilized to design new phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.
