De novomutations in the GTP/GDP-binding region of RALA, a RAS-like small GTPase, cause intellectual disability and developmental delay Article Swipe
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· 2018
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/378349
Mutations that alter signaling of RAS/MAPK-family proteins give rise to a group of Mendelian diseases known as RASopathies, but the matrix of genotype-phenotype relationships is still incomplete, in part because there are many RAS-related proteins, and in part because the phenotypic consequences may be variable and/or pleiotropic. Here, we describe a cohort of ten cases, drawn from six clinical sites and over 16,000 sequenced probands, with de novo protein-altering variation in RALA , a RAS-like small GTPase. All probands present with speech and motor delays, and most have intellectual disability, low weight, short stature, and facial dysmorphism. The observed rate of de novo RALA variants in affected probands is significantly higher (p=4.93 × 10 −11 ) than expected from the estimated mutation rate. Further, all de novo variants described here affect conserved residues within the GTP/GDP-binding region of RALA ; in fact, six alleles arose at only two codons, Val25 and Lys128. We directly assayed GTP hydrolysis and RALA effector-protein binding, and all but one tested variant significantly reduced both activities. The one exception, S157A, reduced GTP hydrolysis but significantly increased RALA-effector binding, an observation similar to that seen for oncogenic RAS variants. These results show the power of data sharing for the interpretation and analysis of rare variation, expand the spectrum of molecular causes of developmental disability to include RALA , and provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of human disease caused by mutations in small GTPases. Author Summary While many causes of developmental disabilities have been identified, a large number of affected children cannot be diagnosed despite extensive medical testing. Previously unknown genetic factors are likely to be the culprits in many of these cases. Using DNA sequencing, and by sharing information among many doctors and researchers, we have identified a set of individuals with developmental problems who all have changes to the same gene, RALA. The affected individuals all have similar symptoms, including intellectual disability, speech delay (or no speech), and problems with motor skills like walking. In nearly all of these cases (10 of 11), the genetic change found in the child was not inherited from either parent. The locations and biological properties of these changes suggest that they are likely to disrupt the normal functions of RALA and cause significant health problems. We also performed experiments to show that the genetic changes found in these individuals alter two key functions of RALA. Together, we have provided evidence that genetic changes in RALA can cause DD/ID. These results will allow doctors and researchers to identify additional children with the same condition, providing a clinical diagnosis to these families and leading to new research opportunities.
Related Topics
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/378349
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/07/29/378349.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2952453201
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W2952453201Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1101/378349Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
De novomutations in the GTP/GDP-binding region of RALA, a RAS-like small GTPase, cause intellectual disability and developmental delayWork title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2018Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2018-07-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Susan M. Hiatt, Matthew B. Neu, Ryne C. Ramaker, Andrew A. Hardigan, Jeremy W. Prokop, Miroslava Hančárová, Darina Prchalová, Markéta Havlovičová, Jan Prchal, Viktor Stránecký, Dwight K. C. Yim, Zöe Powis, Boris Keren, Caroline Nava, Cyril Mignot, Marlène Rio, Anya Revah‐Politi, Parisa Hemati, Nicholas Stong, Alejandro Iglesias, Sharon F. Suchy, Rebecca Willaert, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Patricia G. Wheeler, Lauren Brick, Mariya Kozenko, Anna Hurst, James W. Wheless, Yves Lacassie, R Myers, Gregory S. Barsh, Zdeněk Sedláček, Gregory M. CooperList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1101/378349Publisher landing page
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/07/29/378349.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/07/29/378349.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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GTPase, Small GTPase, Biology, Genetics, GTP', Proband, Effector, Mutation, Phenotype, Allele, Signal transduction, Gene, Cell biology, Biochemistry, EnzymeTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2023: 1, 2022: 1, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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36Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.parent. | 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 169, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 195, 412 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sharing | 201, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 186, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unknown | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variant | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weight, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further, | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GTPases. | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RAS-like | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affected | 107, 254, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binding, | 161, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 255, 421 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 59, 428 |
| abstract_inverted_index.culprits | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 402 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expected | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.families | 432 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 419 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutation | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probands | 79, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 299, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 437 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residues | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectrum | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speech), | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stature, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing. | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variants | 105, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.walking. | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mendelian | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mutations | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Together, | 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conserved | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosed | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis | 429 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 370, 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inherited | 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.locations | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecular | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutations | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oncogenic | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probands, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems. | 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 426 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequenced | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signaling | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms, | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variants. | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Previously | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 225, 420 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condition, | 425 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disability | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exception, | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrolysis | 157, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenotypic | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation, | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RAS-related | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activities. | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disability, | 90, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments | 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified, | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incomplete, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 296, 311, 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observation | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers | 417 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing, | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RASopathies, | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequences | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disabilities | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dysmorphism. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intellectual | 89, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenesis | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pleiotropic. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers, | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RALA-effector | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental | 217, 245, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationships | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 110, 168, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interpretation | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunities. | 438 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GTP/GDP-binding | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RAS/MAPK-family | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effector-protein | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein-altering | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genotype-phenotype | 23 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5027561780 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 33 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145894 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6200000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.48686783 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |