Identification and Characterization of Six Spectroscopically Confirmed Massive Protostructures at $2.5 Article Swipe

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Ekta A. Shah , Brian C. Lemaux , Benjamin Forrest , O. Cucciati , Denise Hung , Priti Staab , Nimish P. Hathi , Lori M. Lubin , R. R. Gal , Lu Shen , G. Zamorani , Finn Giddings , S. Bardelli , Letizia Pasqua Cassarà , P. Cassata , T. Contini , Emmet Golden-Marx , L. Guaita , Gayathri Gururajan , Anton M. Koekemoer , D J McLeod , L. Tasca , L. Tresse , D. Vergani , E. Zucca ·

YOU? · · 2023 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.04634

We present six spectroscopically confirmed massive protostructures, spanning a redshift range of $2.59000$\thinspace cMpc$^3$) of more than $2.5σ_δ$ above the field density levels at these redshifts, have a total mass $M_{tot}\ge10^{14.8}M_\odot$ and one or more highly overdense (overdensity$\thinspace>5σ_δ$) peaks. One of the most complex protostructures discovered is a massive ($M_{tot}=10^{15.1}M_\odot$) system at $z\sim3.47$ that contains six peaks and 55 spectroscopic members. We also discover protostructures at $z\sim3.30$ and $z\sim3.70$ that appear to at least partially overlap on sky with the protostructure at $z\sim3.47$, suggesting a possible connection. We additionally report on the discovery of three massive protostructures at $z=2.67$, 2.80, and 4.14 and discuss their properties. Finally, we discuss the relationship between star formation rate and environment in the richest of these protostructures, finding an enhancement of star formation activity in the densest regions. The diversity of the protostructures reported here provide an opportunity to study the complex effects of dense environments on galaxy evolution over a large redshift range in the early universe.

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Redshift Astrophysics Sky Physics Field (mathematics) Sigma Star formation Astronomy Galaxy Mathematics Pure mathematics

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.04634
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.04634
OA Status: green
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OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4389598974

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.04634

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Title: Identification and Characterization of Six Spectroscopically Confirmed Massive Protostructures at $2.5

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2023

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Publication date: 2023-12-07

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Authors: Ekta A. Shah, Brian C. Lemaux, Benjamin Forrest, O. Cucciati, Denise Hung, Priti Staab, Nimish P. Hathi, Lori M. Lubin, R. R. Gal, Lu Shen, G. Zamorani, Finn Giddings, S. Bardelli, Letizia Pasqua Cassarà, P. Cassata, T. Contini, Emmet Golden-Marx, L. Guaita, Gayathri Gururajan, Anton M. Koekemoer, D J McLeod, L. Tasca, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, E. Zucca

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Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.04634

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Concepts: Redshift, Astrophysics, Sky, Physics, Field (mathematics), Sigma, Star formation, Astronomy, Galaxy, Mathematics, Pure mathematics

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abstract_inverted_index.six	2, 55
abstract_inverted_index.sky	77
abstract_inverted_index.the	19, 41, 79, 91, 109, 118, 131, 137, 146, 161
abstract_inverted_index.4.14	101
abstract_inverted_index.also	62
abstract_inverted_index.have	26
abstract_inverted_index.here	140
abstract_inverted_index.mass	29
abstract_inverted_index.more	15, 34
abstract_inverted_index.most	42
abstract_inverted_index.over	155
abstract_inverted_index.rate	114
abstract_inverted_index.star	112, 127
abstract_inverted_index.than	16
abstract_inverted_index.that	53, 69
abstract_inverted_index.with	78
abstract_inverted_index.2.80,	99
abstract_inverted_index.above	18
abstract_inverted_index.dense	150
abstract_inverted_index.early	162
abstract_inverted_index.field	20
abstract_inverted_index.large	157
abstract_inverted_index.least	73
abstract_inverted_index.peaks	56
abstract_inverted_index.range	10, 159
abstract_inverted_index.study	145
abstract_inverted_index.their	104
abstract_inverted_index.these	24, 121
abstract_inverted_index.three	94
abstract_inverted_index.total	28
abstract_inverted_index.appear	70
abstract_inverted_index.galaxy	153
abstract_inverted_index.highly	35
abstract_inverted_index.levels	22
abstract_inverted_index.peaks.	38
abstract_inverted_index.report	89
abstract_inverted_index.system	50
abstract_inverted_index.between	111
abstract_inverted_index.complex	43, 147
abstract_inverted_index.densest	132
abstract_inverted_index.density	21
abstract_inverted_index.discuss	103, 108
abstract_inverted_index.effects	148
abstract_inverted_index.finding	123
abstract_inverted_index.massive	5, 48, 95
abstract_inverted_index.overlap	75
abstract_inverted_index.present	1
abstract_inverted_index.provide	141
abstract_inverted_index.richest	119
abstract_inverted_index.Finally,	106
abstract_inverted_index.activity	129
abstract_inverted_index.contains	54
abstract_inverted_index.discover	63
abstract_inverted_index.members.	60
abstract_inverted_index.possible	85
abstract_inverted_index.redshift	9, 158
abstract_inverted_index.regions.	133
abstract_inverted_index.reported	139
abstract_inverted_index.spanning	7
abstract_inverted_index.$z=2.67$,	98
abstract_inverted_index.cMpc$^3$)	13
abstract_inverted_index.confirmed	4
abstract_inverted_index.discovery	92
abstract_inverted_index.diversity	135
abstract_inverted_index.evolution	154
abstract_inverted_index.formation	113, 128
abstract_inverted_index.overdense	36
abstract_inverted_index.partially	74
abstract_inverted_index.universe.	163
abstract_inverted_index.$2.5σ_δ$	17
abstract_inverted_index.discovered	45
abstract_inverted_index.redshifts,	25
abstract_inverted_index.suggesting	83
abstract_inverted_index.$z\sim3.30$	66
abstract_inverted_index.$z\sim3.47$	52
abstract_inverted_index.$z\sim3.70$	68
abstract_inverted_index.connection.	86
abstract_inverted_index.enhancement	125
abstract_inverted_index.environment	116
abstract_inverted_index.opportunity	143
abstract_inverted_index.properties.	105
abstract_inverted_index.$z\sim3.47$,	82
abstract_inverted_index.additionally	88
abstract_inverted_index.environments	151
abstract_inverted_index.relationship	110
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopic	59
abstract_inverted_index.protostructure	80
abstract_inverted_index.protostructures	44, 64, 96, 138
abstract_inverted_index.protostructures,	6, 122
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopically	3
abstract_inverted_index.$2.59000$\thinspace	12
abstract_inverted_index.$M_{tot}\ge10^{14.8}M_\odot$	30
abstract_inverted_index.($M_{tot}=10^{15.1}M_\odot$)	49
abstract_inverted_index.(overdensity$\thinspace>5σ_δ$)	37
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	25
citation_normalized_percentile