Identification, proteolytic activity quantification and biofilm-forming characterization of Gram-positive, proteolytic, psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from cold raw milk Article Swipe
Mehdi Zarei
,
Sahar Elmi Anvari
,
Siavash Maktabi
,
Per E. J. Saris
,
Amin Yousefvand
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953
Psychrotrophic bacteria of raw milk face the dairy industry with significant spoilage and technological problems due to their ability to produce heat-resistant enzymes and biofilms. Despite extensive information about Gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria in milk, little is known about Gram-positive psychrotrophic bacteria in milk, and their proteolytic activity and biofilm-forming characteristics. In the present study, Gram-positive, proteolytic, psychrotrophic bacteria of cold raw milk were identified, and their proteolytic activity and biofilm-forming capacity were quantified. In total, 12 genera and 22 species were represented among the bacterial isolates, however 50% belonged to three genera, namely Staphylococcus (19.4%), Bacillus (16.7%), and Enterococcus (13.9%). Different levels of proteolytic activity were detected in the identified isolates, even among the strains belonging to the same species. In addition, proteolytic activity was significantly higher at 25°C than at 7°C for all isolates. The crystal violet staining assay in polystyrene microtitre plates revealed a high level of variation in the biofilm-forming capacity at 7°C. After 72 hours of incubation, 11.1% of the strains did not produce a biofilm, while 27.8%, 52.8%, and 8.3% produced low, moderate, and high amounts of biofilm on polystyrene, respectively. The psychrotrophic bacteria were also able to produce biofilms on the surface of stainless steel coupons in ultra-high temperature milk after 72 h of incubation at 7°C; the number of attached cells ranged from 1.34 to 5.11 log cfu/cm 2 . These results expand the knowledge related to the proteolytic activity and biofilm-forming capacity of Gram-positive psychrotrophic milk bacteria.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 36
- Related Works
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- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4386699874Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Identification, proteolytic activity quantification and biofilm-forming characterization of Gram-positive, proteolytic, psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from cold raw milkWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
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2023-09-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Mehdi Zarei, Sahar Elmi Anvari, Siavash Maktabi, Per E. J. Saris, Amin YousefvandList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290953Direct OA link when available
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Psychrotrophic bacteria, Raw milk, Biofilm, Bacteria, Microbiology, Biology, Food spoilage, Proteolytic enzymes, Food science, Incubation, Enzyme, Biochemistry, GeneticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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4Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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