Identification, validation and quantification of thymoquinone in conjunction with assessment of bioactive possessions and GC-MS profiling of pharmaceutically valuable crop Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) varieties Article Swipe
Y. Ravi
,
Irene Vethamoni Periyanadar
,
S. N. Saxena
,
M. Raveendran
,
Velmurugan Sundararajan
,
Santhanakrishnan Vichangal Pridiuldi
,
Sumer Singh Meena
,
Ashoka Narayana Naik
,
C. B. Harisha
,
Honnappa Asangi
,
Sharda Choudhary
,
Ravindra Singh
,
D. Yallappa
,
Kavan Kumar
,
N. K. Meena
,
Ram Swaroop Meena
,
Arvind Verma
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177
Background Plants have been pivotal in traditional and modern medicine globally, with historical evidence supporting their therapeutic applications. Nigella ( Nigella sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Ranunculaceae family and is cultivated in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western and Central Asia. The medicinal use of plants dates back thousands of years, documented in ancient writings from various civilizations. Alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and tannins found in plants exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Methodology This study specifically examines the pharmacological potential of Nigella sativa L., emphasizing thymoquinone—a compound with diverse nutraceutical benefits. The extraction, characterization, and quantification of thymoquinone, alongside other physicochemical parameters, were carried out using ethanol through Soxhlet extraction procedures on five nigella varieties. HPLC analysis was performed to determine the maximum accumulation of thymoquinone in the released variety of the plant and the chemical composition of the seed oil isolated from Nigella sativa L., varieties utilized in the study was determined through GC-MS analysis. Results The research revealed that the Ajmer nigella-20 variety stands out, exhibiting elevated levels of thymoquinone (0.20 ± 0.07%), antioxidants (76.18 ± 1.78%), and substantial quantities of total phenols (31.85 ± 0.97 mg GAEg −1 seed) and flavonoids (8.150 ± 0.360 mg QE 100 g −1 seed) compared to other varieties. The GC-MS profiling showed the presence of 11 major compounds in the studied varieties, with p-cymene, longifolene, and myristic acid identified as the major chemical compounds present in the oil. Conclusion The observed variations among Nigella varieties indicate the Ajmer nigella-20 variety as particularly promising for thymoquinone and bioactive compound extraction. This study underscores Nigella’s potential as a source of pharmacologically active compounds, highlighting the need for further exploration in therapeutic applications.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 30
- Related Works
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- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4393316833
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4393316833Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Identification, validation and quantification of thymoquinone in conjunction with assessment of bioactive possessions and GC-MS profiling of pharmaceutically valuable crop Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) varietiesWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-03-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Y. Ravi, Irene Vethamoni Periyanadar, S. N. Saxena, M. Raveendran, Velmurugan Sundararajan, Santhanakrishnan Vichangal Pridiuldi, Sumer Singh Meena, Ashoka Narayana Naik, C. B. Harisha, Honnappa Asangi, Sharda Choudhary, Ravindra Singh, D. Yallappa, Kavan Kumar, N. K. Meena, Ram Swaroop Meena, Arvind VermaList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17177Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Thymoquinone, Nigella sativa, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Chromatography, Traditional medicine, Medicine, Chemistry, Mass spectrometry, Antioxidant, BiochemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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30Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.1.78%), | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Central | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Eastern | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Europe, | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nigella | 18, 20, 92, 154, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Soxhlet | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Western | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ancient | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carried | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diverse | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ethanol | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibit | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nigella | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenols | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pivotal | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tannins | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 118, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety | 140, 175, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 146, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compound | 97, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevated | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medicine | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.myristic | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.released | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilized | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.writings | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alongside | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis. | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioactive | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 227, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medicinal | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p-cymene, | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 90, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profiling | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saponins, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thousands | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varieties | 157, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Alkaloids, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds, | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivated | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.documented | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibiting | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flavonoids | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.herbaceous | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.historical | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nigella-20 | 174, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenolics, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedures | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantities | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varieties, | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varieties. | 125, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methodology | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nigella’s | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activities. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anticancer, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploration | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction. | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flavonoids, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terpenoids, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapeutic | 16, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscores | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accumulation | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antidiabetic | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antioxidant, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antioxidants | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longifolene, | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thymoquinone | 136, 182, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ranunculaceae | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications. | 17, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutraceutical | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thymoquinone, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibacterial, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.civilizations. | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantification | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anthraquinones, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmacological | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thymoquinone—a | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterization, | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunomodulatory, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmacologically | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-inflammatory, | 77 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 17 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83185972 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |