Identifying actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines: a cross-sectional study Article Swipe
Xiangying Ren
,
Tamara Lotfi
,
Jiyu Chen
,
Yuling Lei
,
Chenghu Zhou
,
Wei Zhang
,
Qiao Huang
,
Yongbo Wang
,
Siyu Yan
,
Shichun Wang
,
Siyuan Ruan
,
Wanru Wang
,
Qiyi Zhang
,
Xiaomei Yao
,
Yinghui Jin
,
Holger J. Schünemann
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050
Objective The purpose of this study is to validate the taxonomy and framework using Chinese guidelines and identify actionable statements. Design and setting We searched five databases, to identify the health guidelines from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2023. Five researchers categorised statements into six types: formal recommendations (Type I) with clear direction and strength, with explicit and direct evidence; good practice statements (GPS) (Type II), actionable in isolation with a significant benefit; remarks (Type III), an inseparable unit belonging to a formal recommendation or GPS that provides additional clarification; research only recommendations (Type IV) for specific populations; implementation considerations, tools and tips (Type V), that describe the how, who, where, what and when, in relation to implementing a recommendation and lacking a direct evidence link; and informal recommendations (Type VI), unrelated to evidence and not meeting GPS criteria. Results We included 116 guidelines, including 74 Western medicine guidelines, 12 traditional Chinese medicine guidelines and 30 integrated Chinese and Western medicine guidelines. 99 guidelines (85.3%) used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Medical specialty societies developed the highest number of guidelines (53.4%). Of all the statements, 4422 statements were extracted from the guidelines. Among them, 2154 (48.7%) were formal recommendations, 197 (4.4%) were GPS, 394 (8.9%) were remarks, 16 (0.4%) were research only recommendations, 1106 (25.0%) were implementation considerations, tools and tips, and 555 (12.6%) were informal recommendations. Conclusions Up to date, the Chinese guideline developers tend to overestimate the number of formal recommendations and underestimate the number of GPS, remarks, research only recommendations, implementation considerations, tools and tips, and informal recommendations. Thus the current quality of actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines requires further enhancement.
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Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050
- https://ebm.bmj.com/content/ebmed/early/2025/03/14/bmjebm-2024-113050.full.pdf
- OA Status
- bronze
- References
- 24
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408488905
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4408488905Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Identifying actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines: a cross-sectional studyWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xiangying Ren, Tamara Lotfi, Jiyu Chen, Yuling Lei, Chenghu Zhou, Wei Zhang, Qiao Huang, Yongbo Wang, Siyu Yan, Shichun Wang, Siyuan Ruan, Wanru Wang, Qiyi Zhang, Xiaomei Yao, Yinghui Jin, Holger J. SchünemannList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050Publisher landing page
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https://ebm.bmj.com/content/ebmed/early/2025/03/14/bmjebm-2024-113050.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://ebm.bmj.com/content/ebmed/early/2025/03/14/bmjebm-2024-113050.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Guideline, Grading (engineering), Specialty, Family medicine, Medicine, Global Positioning System, Medical education, Computer science, Engineering, Pathology, Civil engineering, TelecommunicationsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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24Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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