Identifying Potential Gamification Elements for A New Chatbot for Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: User-Centered Design Approach Article Swipe
Truong An Bui
,
Megan Pohl
,
Cory Rosenfelt
,
Tatiana Ogourtsova
,
Mahdieh Yousef
,
Kerri Whitlock
,
Annette Majnemer
,
David Nicholas
,
Carrie Demmans Epp
,
Osmar R. Zaı̈ane
,
François V. Bolduc
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/31991
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/31991
Background Chatbots have been increasingly considered for applications in the health care field. However, it remains unclear how a chatbot can assist users with complex health needs, such as parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) who need ongoing support. Often, this population must deal with complex and overwhelming health information, which can make parents less likely to use a software that may be very helpful. An approach to enhance user engagement is incorporating game elements in nongame contexts, known as gamification. Gamification needs to be tailored to users; however, there has been no previous assessment of gamification use in chatbots for NDDs. Objective We sought to examine how gamification elements are perceived and whether their implementation in chatbots will be well received among parents of children with NDDs. We have discussed some elements in detail as the initial step of the project. Methods We performed a narrative literature review of gamification elements, specifically those used in health and education. Among the elements identified in the literature, our health and social science experts in NDDs prioritized five elements for in-depth discussion: goal setting, customization, rewards, social networking, and unlockable content. We used a qualitative approach, which included focus groups and interviews with parents of children with NDDs (N=21), to assess the acceptability of the potential implementation of these elements in an NDD-focused chatbot. Parents were asked about their opinions on the 5 elements and to rate them. Video and audio recordings were transcribed and summarized for emerging themes, using deductive and inductive thematic approaches. Results From the responses obtained from 21 participants, we identified three main themes: parents of children with NDDs were familiar with and had positive experiences with gamification; a specific element (goal setting) was important to all parents, whereas others (customization, rewards, and unlockable content) received mixed opinions; and the social networking element received positive feedback, but concerns about information accuracy were raised. Conclusions We showed for the first time that parents of children with NDDs support gamification use in a chatbot for NDDs. Our study illustrates the need for a user-centered design in the medical domain and provides a foundation for researchers interested in developing chatbots for populations that are medically vulnerable. Future studies exploring wide range of gamification elements with large number of potential users are needed to understand the impact of gamification elements in enhancing knowledge mobilization.
Related Topics
Concepts
Chatbot
Personalization
Thematic analysis
Psychology
Health care
Focus group
Population
Computer science
Qualitative research
Applied psychology
Knowledge management
Internet privacy
Medical education
Medicine
World Wide Web
Sociology
Environmental health
Anthropology
Social science
Economics
Economic growth
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.2196/31991
- https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2022/3/e31991/PDF
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 83
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4285417191
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4285417191Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.2196/31991Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Identifying Potential Gamification Elements for A New Chatbot for Families With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: User-Centered Design ApproachWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-06-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Truong An Bui, Megan Pohl, Cory Rosenfelt, Tatiana Ogourtsova, Mahdieh Yousef, Kerri Whitlock, Annette Majnemer, David Nicholas, Carrie Demmans Epp, Osmar R. Zaı̈ane, François V. BolducList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.2196/31991Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2022/3/e31991/PDFDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2022/3/e31991/PDFDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Chatbot, Personalization, Thematic analysis, Psychology, Health care, Focus group, Population, Computer science, Qualitative research, Applied psychology, Knowledge management, Internet privacy, Medical education, Medicine, World Wide Web, Sociology, Environmental health, Anthropology, Social science, Economics, Economic growthTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2, 2024: 4, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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83Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.sought | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users; | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(N=21), | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Parents | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chatbot | 19, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 24, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.element | 283, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examine | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experts | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initial | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medical | 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nongame | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ongoing | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parents | 29, 54, 124, 202, 267, 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raised. | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.science | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.themes, | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.themes: | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereas | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Chatbots | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chatbot. | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chatbots | 100, 118, 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 31, 126, 204, 269, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concerns | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content) | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements | 75, 110, 133, 162, 177, 218, 232, 373, 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerging | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.familiar | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.helpful. | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-depth | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opinions | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parents, | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positive | 277, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.received | 122, 298, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rewards, | 184, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting) | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support. | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tailored | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thematic | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contexts, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deductive | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements, | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploring | 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feedback, | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductive | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medically | 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.narrative | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opinions; | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perceived | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 214, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.education. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engagement | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foundation | 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 163, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interested | 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interviews | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networking | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recordings | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summarized | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understand | 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unlockable | 188, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NDD-focused | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches. | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion: | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiences | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.illustrates | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networking, | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prioritized | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qualitative | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers | 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transcribed | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vulnerable. | 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gamification | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gamification | 97, 109, 151, 330, 372, 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overwhelming | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acceptability | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gamification. | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gamification; | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporating | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobilization. | 392 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants, | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.user-centered | 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.customization, | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 116, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(customization, | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurodevelopmental | 33 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95061335 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |