Improved Interpretability Without Performance Reduction in a Sepsis Prediction Risk Score Article Swipe

View

Adam Kotter , Samir Abdelrahman , Yik-Ki Jacob Wan , Karl Madaras-Kelly , Keaton Morgan , Chin Fung Kelvin Kan , Guilherme Del Fiol ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307

Objective: Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection and a major cause of hospital mortality. Machine learning (ML) models have demonstrated better sepsis prediction performance than integer risk scores but are less widely used in clinical settings, in part due to lower interpretability. This study aimed to improve the interpretability of an ML-based model without reducing its performance in non-ICU sepsis prediction. Methods: A logistic regression model was trained to predict sepsis onset and then converted into a more interpretable integer point system, STEWS, using its regression coefficients. We compared STEWS with the logistic regression model using PPV at 90% sensitivity. Results: STEWS was significantly equivalent to logistic regression using the two one-sided tests procedure (0.051 vs. 0.051; p = 0.004). Conclusions: STEWS demonstrated equivalent performance to a comparable logistic regression model for non-ICU sepsis prediction, suggesting that converting ML models into more interpretable forms does not necessarily reduce predictive power.

Related Topics

Concepts

Interpretability Logistic regression Sepsis Regression analysis Computer science Medicine Machine learning Internal medicine

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
OA Status: gold
References: 33
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4406913905

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4406913905

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Improved Interpretability Without Performance Reduction in a Sepsis Prediction Risk Score

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-01-28

Full publication date if available
Authors: Adam Kotter, Samir Abdelrahman, Yik-Ki Jacob Wan, Karl Madaras-Kelly, Keaton Morgan, Chin Fung Kelvin Kan, Guilherme Del Fiol

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Interpretability, Logistic regression, Sepsis, Regression analysis, Computer science, Medicine, Machine learning, Internal medicine

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
References (count): 33

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4406913905
doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39941237
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4406913905
fwci	0.0
type	article
title	Improved Interpretability Without Performance Reduction in a Sepsis Prediction Risk Score
awards[0].id	https://openalex.org/G788551732
awards[0].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320332161
awards[0].display_name
awards[0].funder_award_id	1R01GM137083-01
awards[0].funder_display_name	National Institutes of Health
biblio.issue	3
biblio.volume	15
biblio.last_page	307
biblio.first_page	307
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10218
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	0.9994999766349792
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2713
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Epidemiology
topics[0].display_name	Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T13702
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.9890000224113464
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1702
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Artificial Intelligence
topics[1].display_name	Machine Learning in Healthcare
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T12574
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.9819999933242798
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2714
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Family Practice
topics[2].display_name	Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320332161
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/01cwqze88
funders[0].display_name	National Institutes of Health
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	2000
apc_list.currency	CHF
apc_list.value_usd	2165
apc_paid.value	2000
apc_paid.currency	CHF
apc_paid.value_usd	2165
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2781067378
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.9392576217651367
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399
concepts[0].display_name	Interpretability
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C151956035
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.8446365594863892
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755
concepts[1].display_name	Logistic regression
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2778384902
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.621110737323761
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134
concepts[2].display_name	Sepsis
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C152877465
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.4355483949184418
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042
concepts[3].display_name	Regression analysis
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[4].level	0
concepts[4].score	0.4327833652496338
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[4].display_name	Computer science
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[5].level	0
concepts[5].score	0.42583537101745605
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[5].display_name	Medicine
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.32442915439605713
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[6].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.23313334584236145
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[7].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability
keywords[0].score	0.9392576217651367
keywords[0].display_name	Interpretability
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression
keywords[1].score	0.8446365594863892
keywords[1].display_name	Logistic regression
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis
keywords[2].score	0.621110737323761
keywords[2].display_name	Sepsis
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis
keywords[3].score	0.4355483949184418
keywords[3].display_name	Regression analysis
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[4].score	0.4327833652496338
keywords[4].display_name	Computer science
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[5].score	0.42583537101745605
keywords[5].display_name	Medicine
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning
keywords[6].score	0.32442915439605713
keywords[6].display_name	Machine learning
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[7].score	0.23313334584236145
keywords[7].display_name	Internal medicine
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030307
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4210172076
locations[0].source.issn	2075-4418
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2075-4418
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	Diagnostics
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Diagnostics
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
locations[1].id	pmid:39941237
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39941237
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4558b2451b4542afbbd9cf9d1c85799b
locations[2].is_oa	False
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[2].source.host_organization
locations[2].source.host_organization_name
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Diagnostics, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 307 (2025)
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/4558b2451b4542afbbd9cf9d1c85799b
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11817530
locations[3].is_oa	True
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].license	other-oa
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	Text
locations[3].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name	Diagnostics (Basel)
locations[3].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11817530
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5116062452
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-0399
authorships[0].author.display_name	Adam Kotter
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Adam Kotter
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5025877685
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-3259
authorships[1].author.display_name	Samir Abdelrahman
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Samir Abdelrahman
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5045105517
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-2046
authorships[2].author.display_name	Yik-Ki Jacob Wan
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Yi-Ki Jacob Wan
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5103238898
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-7223
authorships[3].author.display_name	Karl Madaras-Kelly
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I106969075
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID 83209, USA
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I106969075
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/0162z8b04
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I106969075
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Idaho State University
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Karl Madaras-Kelly
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID 83209, USA
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5028925596
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-4454
authorships[4].author.display_name	Keaton Morgan
authorships[4].countries	US
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Keaton L. Morgan
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5024204601
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-0433
authorships[5].author.display_name	Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
authorships[5].countries	US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5052456187
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-6799
authorships[6].author.display_name	Guilherme Del Fiol
authorships[6].countries	US
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03r0ha626
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I223532165
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	University of Utah
authorships[6].author_position	last
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Guilherme Del Fiol
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Improved Interpretability Without Performance Reduction in a Sepsis Prediction Risk Score
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10218
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	0.9994999766349792
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2713
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Epidemiology
primary_topic.display_name	Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2905433371, https://openalex.org/W2888392564, https://openalex.org/W4310278675, https://openalex.org/W4388422664, https://openalex.org/W4390569940, https://openalex.org/W4361193272, https://openalex.org/W2963326959, https://openalex.org/W4388685194, https://openalex.org/W4312407344, https://openalex.org/W2894289927
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	4
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030307
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4210172076
best_oa_location.source.issn	2075-4418
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2075-4418
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Diagnostics
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Diagnostics
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
primary_location.id	doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030307
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4210172076
primary_location.source.issn	2075-4418
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2075-4418
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	Diagnostics
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Diagnostics
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030307
publication_date	2025-01-28
publication_year	2025
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2280404143, https://openalex.org/W2998853022, https://openalex.org/W2912071375, https://openalex.org/W2073316020, https://openalex.org/W1993397663, https://openalex.org/W1898928487, https://openalex.org/W2282181907, https://openalex.org/W2905983446, https://openalex.org/W2992764683, https://openalex.org/W3154426360, https://openalex.org/W2944218525, https://openalex.org/W4322739540, https://openalex.org/W4322739521, https://openalex.org/W2908201961, https://openalex.org/W4283068826, https://openalex.org/W3124861950, https://openalex.org/W2776803885, https://openalex.org/W2782117851, https://openalex.org/W2738761048, https://openalex.org/W2129203245, https://openalex.org/W4324141637, https://openalex.org/W3207955189, https://openalex.org/W3214405491, https://openalex.org/W3130715492, https://openalex.org/W3008421095, https://openalex.org/W2037195555, https://openalex.org/W2076646346, https://openalex.org/W3135487203, https://openalex.org/W3109370846, https://openalex.org/W3210275213, https://openalex.org/W4384282838, https://openalex.org/W2883762974, https://openalex.org/W3122820077
referenced_works_count	33
abstract_inverted_index.=	119
abstract_inverted_index.A	63
abstract_inverted_index.a	3, 9, 77, 127
abstract_inverted_index.p	118
abstract_inverted_index.ML	139
abstract_inverted_index.We	88
abstract_inverted_index.an	51
abstract_inverted_index.at	98
abstract_inverted_index.in	34, 37, 58
abstract_inverted_index.is	2
abstract_inverted_index.of	12, 50
abstract_inverted_index.to	6, 40, 46, 69, 106, 126
abstract_inverted_index.90%	99
abstract_inverted_index.PPV	97
abstract_inverted_index.and	8, 73
abstract_inverted_index.are	30
abstract_inverted_index.but	29
abstract_inverted_index.due	39
abstract_inverted_index.for	132
abstract_inverted_index.its	56, 85
abstract_inverted_index.not	146
abstract_inverted_index.the	48, 92, 110
abstract_inverted_index.two	111
abstract_inverted_index.vs.	116
abstract_inverted_index.was	67, 103
abstract_inverted_index.(ML)	17
abstract_inverted_index.This	43
abstract_inverted_index.does	145
abstract_inverted_index.have	19
abstract_inverted_index.into	76, 141
abstract_inverted_index.less	31
abstract_inverted_index.more	78, 142
abstract_inverted_index.part	38
abstract_inverted_index.risk	27
abstract_inverted_index.than	25
abstract_inverted_index.that	137
abstract_inverted_index.then	74
abstract_inverted_index.used	33
abstract_inverted_index.with	91
abstract_inverted_index.STEWS	90, 102, 122
abstract_inverted_index.aimed	45
abstract_inverted_index.cause	11
abstract_inverted_index.forms	144
abstract_inverted_index.lower	41
abstract_inverted_index.major	10
abstract_inverted_index.model	53, 66, 95, 131
abstract_inverted_index.onset	72
abstract_inverted_index.point	81
abstract_inverted_index.study	44
abstract_inverted_index.tests	113
abstract_inverted_index.using	84, 96, 109
abstract_inverted_index.(0.051	115
abstract_inverted_index.0.051;	117
abstract_inverted_index.STEWS,	83
abstract_inverted_index.Sepsis	1
abstract_inverted_index.better	21
abstract_inverted_index.models	18, 140
abstract_inverted_index.power.	150
abstract_inverted_index.reduce	148
abstract_inverted_index.scores	28
abstract_inverted_index.sepsis	22, 60, 71, 134
abstract_inverted_index.widely	32
abstract_inverted_index.0.004).	120
abstract_inverted_index.Machine	15
abstract_inverted_index.improve	47
abstract_inverted_index.integer	26, 80
abstract_inverted_index.non-ICU	59, 133
abstract_inverted_index.predict	70
abstract_inverted_index.system,	82
abstract_inverted_index.trained	68
abstract_inverted_index.without	54
abstract_inverted_index.ML-based	52
abstract_inverted_index.Methods:	62
abstract_inverted_index.Results:	101
abstract_inverted_index.clinical	35
abstract_inverted_index.compared	89
abstract_inverted_index.hospital	13
abstract_inverted_index.learning	16
abstract_inverted_index.logistic	64, 93, 107, 129
abstract_inverted_index.reducing	55
abstract_inverted_index.response	5
abstract_inverted_index.converted	75
abstract_inverted_index.infection	7
abstract_inverted_index.one-sided	112
abstract_inverted_index.procedure	114
abstract_inverted_index.settings,	36
abstract_inverted_index.Objective:	0
abstract_inverted_index.comparable	128
abstract_inverted_index.converting	138
abstract_inverted_index.equivalent	105, 124
abstract_inverted_index.mortality.	14
abstract_inverted_index.prediction	23
abstract_inverted_index.predictive	149
abstract_inverted_index.regression	65, 86, 94, 108, 130
abstract_inverted_index.suggesting	136
abstract_inverted_index.necessarily	147
abstract_inverted_index.performance	24, 57, 125
abstract_inverted_index.prediction,	135
abstract_inverted_index.prediction.	61
abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions:	121
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated	20, 123
abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity.	100
abstract_inverted_index.coefficients.	87
abstract_inverted_index.interpretable	79, 143
abstract_inverted_index.significantly	104
abstract_inverted_index.interpretability	49
abstract_inverted_index.life-threatening	4
abstract_inverted_index.interpretability.	42
cited_by_percentile_year
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5116062452
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	7
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I223532165
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.7799999713897705
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Good health and well-being
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.03297383
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False