Improving Data Integrity in Samples Obtained From Web-Based Recruitment: Protocol for the Development of a Novel System for Assessing Participant Authenticity in a Remote Longitudinal Cohort Study of Polysubstance Use Article Swipe
Chavez R. Rodriguez
,
Maya Campbell
,
Erin E. Bonar
,
Jason E. Goldstick
,
Maureen A. Walton
,
Lewei Lin
,
Lara N. Coughlin
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/69956
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/69956
Background Remote recruitment for human participant research is increasingly popular due to its speed, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility for participants. However, in some cases, it can be particularly difficult to authenticate participants recruited remotely, which, unless adequately addressed, may pose a threat to data integrity and validity. Objective This protocol aims to outline authenticity concerns encountered via remote recruitment for a longitudinal cohort study of adults reporting polysubstance use. Stemming from these concerns, we describe the development of a novel system of participant authenticity checks, designed with the goal of maximizing data integrity and minimizing the introduction of additional barriers to participating in the research. Finally, we examine rates of passing each active authenticity check among participants recruited via web-based advertisements. Methods Participants were recruited through one of several modalities, including via electronic health records and a third-party company managing a web-based advertising campaign. All participants enrolled in the longitudinal study completed a screening survey, followed by a baseline assessment (involving a survey and an interview) before completing up to 4 weekly interviews and follow-up assessments at 4, 8, and 12 months after baseline. The authenticity check system described here was implemented for all participants recruited via web-based advertising. In addition to passive authenticity checks (ie, randomized online survey passwords), we describe a five-step active authentication protocol: (1) reviewing interest forms for duplication (interest form duplication review), (2) an attention check at screening (attention check), (3) reviewing personal information after completion of the screening survey for duplicates or inconsistencies (personal information verification), (4) a verbal identity confirmation at baseline (verbal identity confirmation), and (5) a review of participant responses for inconsistent reporting at baseline (consistent reporting review). Results In total, 178 (6.85%) of the 2598 active authenticity checks administered were failed, leading to the exclusion of 119 unique potential participants due to fraudulent, inconsistent, or ineligible submissions. The 119 unique exclusions represented 11.13% (119/1069) of the potential participants identified via web-based advertising. Reviewing personal information provided at screening for inconsistencies (personal information verification) accounted for the largest number of failed checks (100/178, 56.2%), whereas reviewing interest form entries for duplicate personal information (interest form duplication review) yielded the fewest failures (7/178, 3.9%). Conclusions The system presented provides an example of how researchers may increase confidence in the authenticity of participants recruited remotely, while avoiding the introduction of potential barriers to participating in research, such as requiring photo ID, online video call verification, or in-person verification. Such additional requirements for participants may systematically bias samples, especially when conducting research with populations that have been historically marginalized or those with stigmatized health conditions or behaviors. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/69956
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.2196/69956
- https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e69956/PDF
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 55
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413141452
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4413141452Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.2196/69956Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Improving Data Integrity in Samples Obtained From Web-Based Recruitment: Protocol for the Development of a Novel System for Assessing Participant Authenticity in a Remote Longitudinal Cohort Study of Polysubstance UseWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Chavez R. Rodriguez, Maya Campbell, Erin E. Bonar, Jason E. Goldstick, Maureen A. Walton, Lewei Lin, Lara N. CoughlinList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.2196/69956Publisher landing page
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https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e69956/PDFDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e69956/PDFDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Protocol (science), Baseline (sea), Web application, Internet privacy, Medicine, Applied psychology, Computer science, Psychology, World Wide Web, Alternative medicine, Geology, Oceanography, PathologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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55Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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