Improving population‐level refractive error monitoring via mixture distributions Article Swipe
Tim Fricke
,
Lisa Keay
,
Serge Resnikoff
,
Nina Tahhan
,
Ingrid Ornella Koumbo mekountchou
,
Prakash Paudel
,
Lauren N. Ayton
,
Alexis Ceecee Britten‐Jones
,
Suhyun Kweon
,
Josephine C. H. Li
,
Ling Lee
,
Peter Wagner
,
Rebecca Weng
,
Boris Béranger
,
Jake Olivier
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105
Introduction Sampling and describing the distribution of refractive error in populations is critical to understanding eye care needs, refractive differences between groups and factors affecting refractive development. We investigated the ability of mixture models to describe refractive error distributions. Methods We used key informants to identify raw refractive error datasets and a systematic search strategy to identify published binned datasets of community‐representative refractive error. Mixture models combine various component distributions via weighting to describe an observed distribution. We modelled raw refractive error data with a single‐Gaussian (normal) distribution, mixtures of two to six Gaussian distributions and an additive model of an exponential and Gaussian (ex‐Gaussian) distribution. We tested the relative fitting accuracy of each method via Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and then compared the ability of selected models to predict the observed prevalence of refractive error across a range of cut‐points for both the raw and binned refractive data. Results We obtained large raw refractive error datasets from the United States and Korea. The ability of our models to fit the data improved significantly from a single‐Gaussian to a two‐Gaussian‐component additive model and then remained stable with ≥3‐Gaussian‐component mixture models. Means and standard deviations for BIC relative to 1 for the single‐Gaussian model, where lower is better, were 0.89 ± 0.05, 0.88 ± 0.06, 0.89 ± 0.06, 0.89 ± 0.06 and 0.90 ± 0.06 for two‐, three‐, four‐, five‐ and six‐Gaussian‐component models, respectively, tested across US and Korean raw data grouped by age decade. Means and standard deviations for the difference between observed and model‐based estimates of refractive error prevalence across a range of cut‐points for the raw data were −3.0% ± 6.3, 0.5% ± 1.9, 0.6% ± 1.5 and −1.8% ± 4.0 for one‐, two‐ and three‐Gaussian‐component and ex‐Gaussian models, respectively. Conclusions Mixture models appear able to describe the population distribution of refractive error accurately, offering significant advantages over commonly quoted simple summary statistics such as mean, standard deviation and prevalence.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 57
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4319460569
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4319460569Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Improving population‐level refractive error monitoring via mixture distributionsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-02-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tim Fricke, Lisa Keay, Serge Resnikoff, Nina Tahhan, Ingrid Ornella Koumbo mekountchou, Prakash Paudel, Lauren N. Ayton, Alexis Ceecee Britten‐Jones, Suhyun Kweon, Josephine C. H. Li, Ling Lee, Peter Wagner, Rebecca Weng, Boris Béranger, Jake OlivierList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Gaussian, Refractive error, Mathematics, Approximation error, Population, Mixture model, Statistics, Gaussian network model, Optics, Physics, Sociology, Visual acuity, Quantum mechanics, DemographyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
57Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4319460569 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751103 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4319460569 |
| fwci | 0.3530544 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D014481 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | United States |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D001499 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Bayes Theorem |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000175 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | diagnosis |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D012029 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Refraction, Ocular |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D014787 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Vision Tests |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D015995 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Prevalence |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D014481 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | United States |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D001499 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Bayes Theorem |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000175 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | diagnosis |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D012030 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Refractive Errors |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D012029 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Refraction, Ocular |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D014787 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Vision Tests |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D015995 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Prevalence |
| type | article |
| title | Improving population‐level refractive error monitoring via mixture distributions |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 43 |
| biblio.last_page | 453 |
| biblio.first_page | 445 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320313001 |
| grants[0].award_id | |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| grants[1].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320315885 |
| grants[1].award_id | |
| grants[1].funder_display_name | Australian Government |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10381 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[0].display_name | Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10170 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9979000091552734 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2731 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Ophthalmology |
| topics[1].display_name | Retinal Diseases and Treatments |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10563 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[2].display_name | Corneal surgery and disorders |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320313001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| funders[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320315885 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/0314h5y94 |
| funders[1].display_name | Australian Government |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3860 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3860 |
| apc_paid.value | 3860 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3860 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C163716315 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6888834834098816 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Gaussian |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2781135284 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5300889611244202 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Refractive error |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.483779639005661 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C122383733 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.459620863199234 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Approximation error |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.456418514251709 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Population |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C61224824 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4400544762611389 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Mixture model |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4365392327308655 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C166550679 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4301905930042267 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Gaussian network model |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3128995895385742 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.14433014392852783 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Sociology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2778257484 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Visual acuity |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C149923435 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Demography |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6888834834098816 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Gaussian |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-error |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5300889611244202 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Refractive error |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.483779639005661 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error |
| keywords[3].score | 0.459620863199234 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Approximation error |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[4].score | 0.456418514251709 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Population |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4400544762611389 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Mixture model |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4365392327308655 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-network-model |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4301905930042267 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Gaussian network model |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3128995895385742 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.14433014392852783 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1111/opo.13105 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S6724074 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0275-5408, 1475-1313 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0275-5408 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36751103 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751103 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/unsworks_83545 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401737 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I40053085 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Australian Defence Force Academy |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I40053085 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 43, 3, 445-453 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_83545 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085389850 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-6835 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Tim Fricke |
| authorships[0].countries | AU |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165779595, https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ep9w883 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Australian College of Optometry |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | The University of Melbourne |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Timothy R. Fricke |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071601092 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-0678 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Lisa Keay |
| authorships[1].countries | AU |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Lisa Keay |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014317720 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-4446 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Serge Resnikoff |
| authorships[2].countries | AU |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Serge Resnikoff |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029647852 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-2483 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Nina Tahhan |
| authorships[3].countries | AU |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Nina Tahhan |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087738253 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-7711 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Ingrid Ornella Koumbo mekountchou |
| authorships[4].countries | AU |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Ornella Koumbo |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061353061 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-9672 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Prakash Paudel |
| authorships[5].countries | AU |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Prakash Paudel |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5050206850 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-084X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Lauren N. Ayton |
| authorships[6].countries | AU |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210105949 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165779595, https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ep9w883 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Australian College of Optometry |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210105949 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01sqdef20 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210105949 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Centre for Eye Research Australia |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].display_name | The University of Melbourne |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Lauren N. Ayton |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018523573 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-2870 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Alexis Ceecee Britten‐Jones |
| authorships[7].countries | AU |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165779595, https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ep9w883 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Australian College of Optometry |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01ej9dk98 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I165779595 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | The University of Melbourne |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Alexis Ceecee Britten‐Jones |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082764165 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5595-1019 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Suhyun Kweon |
| authorships[8].countries | AU |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Suhyun Kweon |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074327014 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Josephine C. H. Li |
| authorships[9].countries | AU |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ep9w883 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131981448 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Australian College of Optometry |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Josephine C. H. Li |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, Victoria, Australia |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007665162 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-7280 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Ling Lee |
| authorships[10].countries | AU |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Ling Lee |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065904157 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-3357 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Peter Wagner |
| authorships[11].countries | AU |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Peter Wagner |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014411433 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-4979 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Rebecca Weng |
| authorships[12].countries | AU |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00g1p6865 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801349370 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | Brien Holden Vision Institute |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Rebecca Weng |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046552883 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-3925 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Boris Béranger |
| authorships[13].countries | AU |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of New South Wales Data Science Hub (uDASH), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[13].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Boris Beranger |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, University of New South Wales Data Science Hub (uDASH), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014677511 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-4507 |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Jake Olivier |
| authorships[14].countries | AU |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[14].author_position | last |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Jake Olivier |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Improving population‐level refractive error monitoring via mixture distributions |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10381 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1578916557, https://openalex.org/W4295035285, https://openalex.org/W2350507978, https://openalex.org/W2122170741, https://openalex.org/W2365475731, https://openalex.org/W2073372811, https://openalex.org/W2386291451, https://openalex.org/W2016260880, https://openalex.org/W292771262, https://openalex.org/W1998316682 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1111/opo.13105 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S6724074 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0275-5408, 1475-1313 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0275-5408 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1111/opo.13105 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S6724074 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0275-5408, 1475-1313 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0275-5408 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13105 |
| publication_date | 2023-02-07 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2263495255, https://openalex.org/W2030380178, https://openalex.org/W2078231330, https://openalex.org/W2017008451, https://openalex.org/W1977556576, https://openalex.org/W2147258443, https://openalex.org/W2992567980, https://openalex.org/W2103841198, https://openalex.org/W6675783201, https://openalex.org/W4205366930, https://openalex.org/W2168175751, https://openalex.org/W2796810390, https://openalex.org/W2903808120, https://openalex.org/W2169961704, https://openalex.org/W1981262947, https://openalex.org/W1860433754, https://openalex.org/W2125318387, https://openalex.org/W1547566977, https://openalex.org/W2132481976, https://openalex.org/W2037562453, https://openalex.org/W2092801958, https://openalex.org/W2768063215, https://openalex.org/W3134096163, https://openalex.org/W2945744371, https://openalex.org/W2763820101, https://openalex.org/W2141431127, https://openalex.org/W14228426, https://openalex.org/W2011700895, https://openalex.org/W3117135862, https://openalex.org/W128427397, https://openalex.org/W2016114180, https://openalex.org/W2010086463, https://openalex.org/W6653022962, https://openalex.org/W2017113456, https://openalex.org/W2012816078, https://openalex.org/W2082158170, https://openalex.org/W2034929876, https://openalex.org/W1964389331, https://openalex.org/W2153188962, https://openalex.org/W2144786093, https://openalex.org/W1987430566, https://openalex.org/W3147448391, https://openalex.org/W2890452242, https://openalex.org/W2012445740, https://openalex.org/W1495974046, https://openalex.org/W2165576114, https://openalex.org/W2897787090, https://openalex.org/W2023489546, https://openalex.org/W1993502633, https://openalex.org/W4245033619, https://openalex.org/W2221875974, https://openalex.org/W81211234, https://openalex.org/W2145860152, https://openalex.org/W4200593484, https://openalex.org/W4378948881, https://openalex.org/W2582743722, https://openalex.org/W2064058097 |
| referenced_works_count | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 52, 85, 138, 176, 179, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.US | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 28, 41, 78, 107, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 75, 97, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 12, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 32, 61, 90, 100, 113, 126, 134, 140, 166, 257, 264, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 14, 35, 45, 56, 73, 92, 129, 169, 178, 198, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.± | 210, 213, 216, 219, 223, 272, 275, 278, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.5 | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.0 | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BIC | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 3, 23, 51, 96, 103, 121, 146, 162, 183, 192, 221, 230, 237, 246, 254, 280, 287, 289, 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eye | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fit | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 142, 195, 200, 225, 249, 266, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raw | 47, 80, 145, 154, 239, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 30, 109, 124, 131, 144, 159, 171, 201, 250, 267, 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 71, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.06 | 220, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.5% | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.6% | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.88 | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.89 | 209, 215, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.90 | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.9, | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6.3, | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.able | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 83, 172, 240, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 158, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 122, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 208, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 84, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BIC) | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.05, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.06, | 214, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Means | 191, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 9, 38, 49, 82, 136, 156, 259, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean, | 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 99, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 139, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Korea. | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Korean | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.States | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.United | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 137, 235, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appear | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binned | 59, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error. | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model, | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 34, 66, 128, 168, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needs, | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quoted | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 108, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two‐ | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mixture | 65, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 31, 125, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better, | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 21, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combine | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decade. | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fitting | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five‐ | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouped | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixture | 33, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 232, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models. | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one‐, | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predict | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summary | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two‐, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−1.8% | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−3.0% | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(normal) | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bayesian | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gaussian | 94, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sampling | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additive | 98, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commonly | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.datasets | 50, 60, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 36, 74, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four‐, | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 46, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixtures | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modelled | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 76, 132, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 110, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remained | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard | 193, 247, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Criterion | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deviation | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimates | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three‐, | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighting | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describing | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deviations | 194, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informants | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence | 133, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refractive | 8, 19, 26, 37, 48, 63, 81, 135, 148, 155, 258, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistics | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Information | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurately, | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exponential | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence. | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cut‐points | 141, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 6, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution. | 77, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributions | 70, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ex‐Gaussian | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model‐based | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively, | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributions. | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ex‐Gaussian) | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single‐Gaussian | 86, 177, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community‐representative | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six‐Gaussian‐component | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two‐Gaussian‐component | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≥3‐Gaussian‐component | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three‐Gaussian‐component | 288 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5085389850 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 15 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165779595, https://openalex.org/I2801349370, https://openalex.org/I3131981448, https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.54782594 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |