In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse Article Swipe

View

Aleisha M. Moore , Lique M. Coolen , Michael N. Lehman ·

YOU? · · 2022 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119

Significance Hypothalamic oscillators that generate pulsatile patterns of hormone secretion represent a fundamental physiological feature regulating homeostatic systems. How individual cells within these neural ensembles generate and coordinate episodic activity and resultant pulse secretion is unknown. Recently, arcuate KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) cells were identified as a critical component of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator required for reproduction. Using in vivo calcium imaging of KNDy neurons in freely moving mice, we reveal that, prior to each GnRH pulse, individual KNDy cells demonstrate synchronized activity with striking temporal order, with subsets of cells behaving as “leaders” or “followers.” Future work to distinguish these novel subpopulations and define mechanisms underlying the temporal ordering of cellular synchronization may provide avenues to regulate pulse secretion.

Related Topics

Concepts

Kisspeptin Neurokinin B Dynorphin Neuroscience Pulse (music) Calcium imaging Biology In vivo Hypothalamus Physics Neuropeptide Internal medicine Medicine Receptor Calcium Substance P Optics Opioid peptide Opioid Biotechnology Biochemistry Detector

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
OA Status: hybrid
Cited By: 59
References: 61
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4220705209

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4220705209

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119

Digital Object Identifier
Title: In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2022

Year of publication
Publication date: 2022-02-02

Full publication date if available
Authors: Aleisha M. Moore, Lique M. Coolen, Michael N. Lehman

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: hybrid

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, Dynorphin, Neuroscience, Pulse (music), Calcium imaging, Biology, In vivo, Hypothalamus, Physics, Neuropeptide, Internal medicine, Medicine, Receptor, Calcium, Substance P, Optics, Opioid peptide, Opioid, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Detector

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 59

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 17, 2024: 11, 2023: 14, 2022: 16, 2021: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 61

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4220705209
doi	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35110409
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4220705209
fwci	17.52294311
mesh[0].qualifier_ui
mesh[0].descriptor_ui	D000818
mesh[0].is_major_topic	False
mesh[0].qualifier_name
mesh[0].descriptor_name	Animals
mesh[1].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[1].descriptor_ui	D001111
mesh[1].is_major_topic	False
mesh[1].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[1].descriptor_name	Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
mesh[2].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[2].descriptor_ui	D004399
mesh[2].is_major_topic	False
mesh[2].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[2].descriptor_name	Dynorphins
mesh[3].qualifier_ui
mesh[3].descriptor_ui	D005260
mesh[3].is_major_topic	False
mesh[3].qualifier_name
mesh[3].descriptor_name	Female
mesh[4].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[4].descriptor_ui	D007987
mesh[4].is_major_topic	False
mesh[4].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[4].descriptor_name	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
mesh[5].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[5].descriptor_ui	D059648
mesh[5].is_major_topic	False
mesh[5].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[5].descriptor_name	Kisspeptins
mesh[6].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[6].descriptor_ui	D007986
mesh[6].is_major_topic	False
mesh[6].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[6].descriptor_name	Luteinizing Hormone
mesh[7].qualifier_ui
mesh[7].descriptor_ui	D051379
mesh[7].is_major_topic	False
mesh[7].qualifier_name
mesh[7].descriptor_name	Mice
mesh[8].qualifier_ui
mesh[8].descriptor_ui	D008810
mesh[8].is_major_topic	False
mesh[8].qualifier_name
mesh[8].descriptor_name	Mice, Inbred C57BL
mesh[9].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[9].descriptor_ui	D015287
mesh[9].is_major_topic	False
mesh[9].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[9].descriptor_name	Neurokinin B
mesh[10].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[10].descriptor_ui	D009474
mesh[10].is_major_topic	False
mesh[10].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[10].descriptor_name	Neurons
mesh[11].qualifier_ui	Q000502
mesh[11].descriptor_ui	D012098
mesh[11].is_major_topic	False
mesh[11].qualifier_name	physiology
mesh[11].descriptor_name	Reproduction
mesh[12].qualifier_ui
mesh[12].descriptor_ui	D000818
mesh[12].is_major_topic	False
mesh[12].qualifier_name
mesh[12].descriptor_name	Animals
mesh[13].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[13].descriptor_ui	D001111
mesh[13].is_major_topic	False
mesh[13].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[13].descriptor_name	Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
mesh[14].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[14].descriptor_ui	D004399
mesh[14].is_major_topic	False
mesh[14].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[14].descriptor_name	Dynorphins
mesh[15].qualifier_ui
mesh[15].descriptor_ui	D005260
mesh[15].is_major_topic	False
mesh[15].qualifier_name
mesh[15].descriptor_name	Female
mesh[16].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[16].descriptor_ui	D007987
mesh[16].is_major_topic	False
mesh[16].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[16].descriptor_name	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
mesh[17].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[17].descriptor_ui	D059648
mesh[17].is_major_topic	False
mesh[17].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[17].descriptor_name	Kisspeptins
mesh[18].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[18].descriptor_ui	D007986
mesh[18].is_major_topic	False
mesh[18].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[18].descriptor_name	Luteinizing Hormone
mesh[19].qualifier_ui
mesh[19].descriptor_ui	D051379
mesh[19].is_major_topic	False
mesh[19].qualifier_name
mesh[19].descriptor_name	Mice
mesh[20].qualifier_ui
mesh[20].descriptor_ui	D008810
mesh[20].is_major_topic	False
mesh[20].qualifier_name
mesh[20].descriptor_name	Mice, Inbred C57BL
mesh[21].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[21].descriptor_ui	D015287
mesh[21].is_major_topic	False
mesh[21].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[21].descriptor_name	Neurokinin B
mesh[22].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[22].descriptor_ui	D009474
mesh[22].is_major_topic	False
mesh[22].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[22].descriptor_name	Neurons
mesh[23].qualifier_ui	Q000502
mesh[23].descriptor_ui	D012098
mesh[23].is_major_topic	False
mesh[23].qualifier_name	physiology
mesh[23].descriptor_name	Reproduction
mesh[24].qualifier_ui
mesh[24].descriptor_ui	D000818
mesh[24].is_major_topic	False
mesh[24].qualifier_name
mesh[24].descriptor_name	Animals
mesh[25].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[25].descriptor_ui	D001111
mesh[25].is_major_topic	False
mesh[25].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[25].descriptor_name	Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
mesh[26].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[26].descriptor_ui	D004399
mesh[26].is_major_topic	False
mesh[26].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[26].descriptor_name	Dynorphins
mesh[27].qualifier_ui
mesh[27].descriptor_ui	D005260
mesh[27].is_major_topic	False
mesh[27].qualifier_name
mesh[27].descriptor_name	Female
mesh[28].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[28].descriptor_ui	D007987
mesh[28].is_major_topic	False
mesh[28].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[28].descriptor_name	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
mesh[29].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[29].descriptor_ui	D059648
mesh[29].is_major_topic	False
mesh[29].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[29].descriptor_name	Kisspeptins
mesh[30].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[30].descriptor_ui	D007986
mesh[30].is_major_topic	False
mesh[30].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[30].descriptor_name	Luteinizing Hormone
mesh[31].qualifier_ui
mesh[31].descriptor_ui	D051379
mesh[31].is_major_topic	False
mesh[31].qualifier_name
mesh[31].descriptor_name	Mice
mesh[32].qualifier_ui
mesh[32].descriptor_ui	D008810
mesh[32].is_major_topic	False
mesh[32].qualifier_name
mesh[32].descriptor_name	Mice, Inbred C57BL
mesh[33].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[33].descriptor_ui	D015287
mesh[33].is_major_topic	False
mesh[33].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[33].descriptor_name	Neurokinin B
mesh[34].qualifier_ui	Q000378
mesh[34].descriptor_ui	D009474
mesh[34].is_major_topic	False
mesh[34].qualifier_name	metabolism
mesh[34].descriptor_name	Neurons
mesh[35].qualifier_ui	Q000502
mesh[35].descriptor_ui	D012098
mesh[35].is_major_topic	False
mesh[35].qualifier_name	physiology
mesh[35].descriptor_name	Reproduction
type	article
title	In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse
awards[0].id	https://openalex.org/G4653080883
awards[0].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320337611
awards[0].display_name
awards[0].funder_award_id	R01HD039916
awards[0].funder_display_name	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
biblio.issue	6
biblio.volume	119
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10960
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	0.9998999834060669
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2743
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Reproductive Medicine
topics[0].display_name	Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11541
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/32
topics[1].field.display_name	Psychology
topics[1].score	0.9965999722480774
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/2
topics[1].domain.display_name	Social Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/3207
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Social Psychology
topics[1].display_name	Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11927
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/13
topics[2].field.display_name	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
topics[2].score	0.9876000285148621
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/1
topics[2].domain.display_name	Life Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1312
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Molecular Biology
topics[2].display_name	Plant Reproductive Biology
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320337611
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/04byxyr05
funders[0].display_name	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2776808119
concepts[0].level	3
concepts[0].score	0.7779799699783325
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909371
concepts[0].display_name	Kisspeptin
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2781359426
concepts[1].level	5
concepts[1].score	0.6447814106941223
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412604
concepts[1].display_name	Neurokinin B
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C151077648
concepts[2].level	5
concepts[2].score	0.6389228105545044
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324076
concepts[2].display_name	Dynorphin
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C169760540
concepts[3].level	1
concepts[3].score	0.606072723865509
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011
concepts[3].display_name	Neuroscience
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2780167933
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.5751238465309143
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652
concepts[4].display_name	Pulse (music)
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C2776032975
concepts[5].level	3
concepts[5].score	0.5649516582489014
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5018833
concepts[5].display_name	Calcium imaging
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[6].level	0
concepts[6].score	0.4469885230064392
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[6].display_name	Biology
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C207001950
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.4258628785610199
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124
concepts[7].display_name	In vivo
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C2777003273
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.4052227735519409
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164386
concepts[8].display_name	Hypothalamus
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[9].level	0
concepts[9].score	0.297410786151886
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[9].display_name	Physics
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C118303440
concepts[10].level	3
concepts[10].score	0.2736052870750427
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419968
concepts[10].display_name	Neuropeptide
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.2562517523765564
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[11].display_name	Internal medicine
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[12].level	0
concepts[12].score	0.18987807631492615
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[12].display_name	Medicine
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C170493617
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.12026262283325195
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467
concepts[13].display_name	Receptor
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C519063684
concepts[14].level	2
concepts[14].score	0.11821895837783813
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706
concepts[14].display_name	Calcium
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C2776533618
concepts[15].level	4
concepts[15].score	0.109637051820755
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411041
concepts[15].display_name	Substance P
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C120665830
concepts[16].level	1
concepts[16].score	0.0862935483455658
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620
concepts[16].display_name	Optics
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C88016717
concepts[17].level	4
concepts[17].score	0.0
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417189
concepts[17].display_name	Opioid peptide
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C2781063702
concepts[18].level	3
concepts[18].score	0.0
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523
concepts[18].display_name	Opioid
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C150903083
concepts[19].level	1
concepts[19].score	0.0
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108
concepts[19].display_name	Biotechnology
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C55493867
concepts[20].level	1
concepts[20].score	0.0
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094
concepts[20].display_name	Biochemistry
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C94915269
concepts[21].level	2
concepts[21].score	0.0
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857
concepts[21].display_name	Detector
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/kisspeptin
keywords[0].score	0.7779799699783325
keywords[0].display_name	Kisspeptin
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/neurokinin-b
keywords[1].score	0.6447814106941223
keywords[1].display_name	Neurokinin B
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/dynorphin
keywords[2].score	0.6389228105545044
keywords[2].display_name	Dynorphin
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience
keywords[3].score	0.606072723865509
keywords[3].display_name	Neuroscience
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse
keywords[4].score	0.5751238465309143
keywords[4].display_name	Pulse (music)
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-imaging
keywords[5].score	0.5649516582489014
keywords[5].display_name	Calcium imaging
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/biology
keywords[6].score	0.4469885230064392
keywords[6].display_name	Biology
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo
keywords[7].score	0.4258628785610199
keywords[7].display_name	In vivo
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamus
keywords[8].score	0.4052227735519409
keywords[8].display_name	Hypothalamus
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physics
keywords[9].score	0.297410786151886
keywords[9].display_name	Physics
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropeptide
keywords[10].score	0.2736052870750427
keywords[10].display_name	Neuropeptide
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[11].score	0.2562517523765564
keywords[11].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[12].score	0.18987807631492615
keywords[12].display_name	Medicine
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor
keywords[13].score	0.12026262283325195
keywords[13].display_name	Receptor
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium
keywords[14].score	0.11821895837783813
keywords[14].display_name	Calcium
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-p
keywords[15].score	0.109637051820755
keywords[15].display_name	Substance P
keywords[16].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/optics
keywords[16].score	0.0862935483455658
keywords[16].display_name	Optics
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1073/pnas.2117767119
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S125754415
locations[0].source.issn	0027-8424, 1091-6490
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	0027-8424
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	National Academy of Sciences
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	National Academy of Sciences
locations[0].license	cc-by-nc-nd
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
locations[1].id	pmid:35110409
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35110409
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8833213
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].license	cc-by-nc-nd
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	Text
locations[2].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8833213
indexed_in	crossref, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5045321099
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-8271
authorships[0].author.display_name	Aleisha M. Moore
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/049pfb863
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Kent State University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Aleisha M. Moore
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5040630359
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-1116
authorships[1].author.display_name	Lique M. Coolen
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/049pfb863
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Kent State University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Lique M. Coolen
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5073661592
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-5108
authorships[2].author.display_name	Michael N. Lehman
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/049pfb863
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I149910238
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Kent State University
authorships[2].author_position	last
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Michael N. Lehman
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
open_access.oa_status	hybrid
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	In vivo imaging of the GnRH pulse generator reveals a temporal order of neuronal activation and synchronization during each pulse
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-23T05:10:03.516525
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10960
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	0.9998999834060669
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2743
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Reproductive Medicine
primary_topic.display_name	Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
related_works	https://openalex.org/W1662779407, https://openalex.org/W1987825119, https://openalex.org/W2796042329, https://openalex.org/W2899637230, https://openalex.org/W3204165870, https://openalex.org/W4390538038, https://openalex.org/W3196451116, https://openalex.org/W4254685994, https://openalex.org/W2995866260, https://openalex.org/W2300675842
cited_by_count	59
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	17
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	11
counts_by_year[2].year	2023
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	14
counts_by_year[3].year	2022
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	16
counts_by_year[4].year	2021
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1073/pnas.2117767119
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S125754415
best_oa_location.source.issn	0027-8424, 1091-6490
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	0027-8424
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	National Academy of Sciences
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	National Academy of Sciences
best_oa_location.license	cc-by-nc-nd
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
primary_location.id	doi:10.1073/pnas.2117767119
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S125754415
primary_location.source.issn	0027-8424, 1091-6490
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	0027-8424
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	National Academy of Sciences
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320052
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	National Academy of Sciences
primary_location.license	cc-by-nc-nd
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117767119
publication_date	2022-02-02
publication_year	2022
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2067713504, https://openalex.org/W2077563872, https://openalex.org/W2143506157, https://openalex.org/W2142686356, https://openalex.org/W2073220855, https://openalex.org/W2067130406, https://openalex.org/W2167619569, https://openalex.org/W1972602091, https://openalex.org/W2030585597, https://openalex.org/W1596559390, https://openalex.org/W2475281166, https://openalex.org/W2045555035, https://openalex.org/W2838173739, https://openalex.org/W1977946309, https://openalex.org/W2331632992, https://openalex.org/W2118510866, https://openalex.org/W2025295789, https://openalex.org/W2888546676, https://openalex.org/W2154339630, https://openalex.org/W2156405515, https://openalex.org/W2125072756, https://openalex.org/W2767899680, https://openalex.org/W2122279526, https://openalex.org/W2950232203, https://openalex.org/W2514473526, https://openalex.org/W2041506924, https://openalex.org/W2020929618, https://openalex.org/W2016237494, https://openalex.org/W2291512884, https://openalex.org/W2151573530, https://openalex.org/W1976101980, https://openalex.org/W1986891718, https://openalex.org/W2043547122, https://openalex.org/W2156130332, https://openalex.org/W1973563914, https://openalex.org/W2739337562, https://openalex.org/W2035802189, https://openalex.org/W3185712463, https://openalex.org/W2147829257, https://openalex.org/W2040084706, https://openalex.org/W2942012724, https://openalex.org/W2999846621, https://openalex.org/W2059011677, https://openalex.org/W2039549222, https://openalex.org/W2115903795, https://openalex.org/W2969703275, https://openalex.org/W2965387569, https://openalex.org/W3191098406, https://openalex.org/W2475721075, https://openalex.org/W2604269555, https://openalex.org/W2107920211, https://openalex.org/W1992174470, https://openalex.org/W2810089051, https://openalex.org/W1995360097, https://openalex.org/W3183929205, https://openalex.org/W2151954032, https://openalex.org/W2894881208, https://openalex.org/W3206999161, https://openalex.org/W4220705209, https://openalex.org/W4286856777, https://openalex.org/W2027421516
referenced_works_count	61
abstract_inverted_index.a	11, 45
abstract_inverted_index.as	44, 93
abstract_inverted_index.in	59, 66
abstract_inverted_index.is	34
abstract_inverted_index.of	7, 48, 63, 90, 111
abstract_inverted_index.or	95
abstract_inverted_index.to	74, 99, 117
abstract_inverted_index.we	70
abstract_inverted_index.How	18
abstract_inverted_index.and	26, 30, 104
abstract_inverted_index.for	56
abstract_inverted_index.may	114
abstract_inverted_index.the	49, 108
abstract_inverted_index.GnRH	76
abstract_inverted_index.KNDy	38, 64, 79
abstract_inverted_index.each	75
abstract_inverted_index.that	3
abstract_inverted_index.vivo	60
abstract_inverted_index.were	42
abstract_inverted_index.with	84, 88
abstract_inverted_index.work	98
abstract_inverted_index.Using	58
abstract_inverted_index.cells	20, 41, 80, 91
abstract_inverted_index.mice,	69
abstract_inverted_index.novel	102
abstract_inverted_index.prior	73
abstract_inverted_index.pulse	32, 53, 119
abstract_inverted_index.that,	72
abstract_inverted_index.these	22, 101
abstract_inverted_index.(GnRH)	52
abstract_inverted_index.Future	97
abstract_inverted_index.define	105
abstract_inverted_index.freely	67
abstract_inverted_index.moving	68
abstract_inverted_index.neural	23
abstract_inverted_index.order,	87
abstract_inverted_index.pulse,	77
abstract_inverted_index.reveal	71
abstract_inverted_index.within	21
abstract_inverted_index.arcuate	37
abstract_inverted_index.avenues	116
abstract_inverted_index.calcium	61
abstract_inverted_index.feature	14
abstract_inverted_index.hormone	8, 51
abstract_inverted_index.imaging	62
abstract_inverted_index.neurons	65
abstract_inverted_index.provide	115
abstract_inverted_index.subsets	89
abstract_inverted_index.activity	29, 83
abstract_inverted_index.behaving	92
abstract_inverted_index.cellular	112
abstract_inverted_index.critical	46
abstract_inverted_index.episodic	28
abstract_inverted_index.generate	4, 25
abstract_inverted_index.ordering	110
abstract_inverted_index.patterns	6
abstract_inverted_index.regulate	118
abstract_inverted_index.required	55
abstract_inverted_index.striking	85
abstract_inverted_index.systems.	17
abstract_inverted_index.temporal	86, 109
abstract_inverted_index.unknown.	35
abstract_inverted_index.Recently,	36
abstract_inverted_index.component	47
abstract_inverted_index.ensembles	24
abstract_inverted_index.generator	54
abstract_inverted_index.pulsatile	5
abstract_inverted_index.represent	10
abstract_inverted_index.resultant	31
abstract_inverted_index.secretion	9, 33
abstract_inverted_index.coordinate	27
abstract_inverted_index.identified	43
abstract_inverted_index.individual	19, 78
abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms	106
abstract_inverted_index.regulating	15
abstract_inverted_index.secretion.	120
abstract_inverted_index.underlying	107
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	81
abstract_inverted_index.distinguish	100
abstract_inverted_index.fundamental	12
abstract_inverted_index.homeostatic	16
abstract_inverted_index.oscillators	2
abstract_inverted_index.B/dynorphin)	40
abstract_inverted_index.Hypothalamic	1
abstract_inverted_index.Significance	0
abstract_inverted_index.synchronized	82
abstract_inverted_index.physiological	13
abstract_inverted_index.reproduction.	57
abstract_inverted_index.“leaders”	94
abstract_inverted_index.subpopulations	103
abstract_inverted_index.synchronization	113
abstract_inverted_index.“followers.”	96
abstract_inverted_index.(kisspeptin/neurokinin	39
abstract_inverted_index.gonadotrophin-releasing	50
cited_by_percentile_year.max	100
cited_by_percentile_year.min	89
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5045321099
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	3
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I149910238
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.98865127
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	True
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True