Increase in Complexity and Information through Molecular Evolution Article Swipe
Biological evolution progresses by essentially three different mechanisms: (I) optimization of properties through natural selection in a population of competitors; (II) development of new capabilities through cooperation of competitors caused by catalyzed reproduction; and (III) variation of genetic information through mutation or recombination. Simplified evolutionary processes combine two out of the three mechanisms: Darwinian evolution combines competition (I) and variation (III) and is represented by the quasispecies model, major transitions involve cooperation (II) of competitors (I), and the third combination, cooperation (II) and variation (III) provides new insights in the role of mutations in evolution. A minimal kinetic model based on simple molecular mechanisms for reproduction, catalyzed reproduction and mutation is introduced, cast into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and analyzed mathematically in form of its implementation in a flow reactor. Stochastic aspects are investigated through computer simulation of trajectories of the corresponding chemical master equations. The competition-cooperation model, mechanisms (I) and (II), gives rise to selection at low levels of resources and leads to symbiontic cooperation in case the material required is abundant. Accordingly, it provides a kind of minimal system that can undergo a (major) transition. Stochastic effects leading to extinction of the population through self-enhancing oscillations destabilize symbioses of four or more partners. Mutations (III) are not only the basis of change in phenotypic properties but can also prevent extinction provided the mutation rates are sufficiently large. Threshold phenomena are observed for all three combinations: The quasispecies model leads to an error threshold, the competition-cooperation model allows for an identification of a resource-triggered bifurcation with the transition, and for the cooperation-mutation model a kind of stochastic threshold for survival through sufficiently high mutation rates is observed. The evolutionary processes in the model are accompanied by gains in information on the environment of the evolving populations. In order to provide a useful basis for comparison, two forms of information, syntactic or Shannon information and semantic information are introduced here. Both forms of information are defined for simple evolving systems at the molecular level. Selection leads primarily to an increase in semantic information in the sense that higher fitness allows for more efficient exploitation of the environment and provides the basis for more progeny whereas understanding transitions involves characteristic contributions from both Shannon information and semantic information.
Related Topics
Concepts
Viral quasispecies
Population
Mutation
Competition (biology)
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Statistical physics
Natural selection
Competitor analysis
Selection (genetic algorithm)
Evolutionary biology
Mathematical optimization
Computer science
Biology
Ecology
Physics
Genetics
Mathematics
Economics
Artificial intelligence
Gene
Hepatitis C virus
Management
Demography
Paleontology
Virus
Sociology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/e18110397
- https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/11/397/pdf?version=1479136179
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 112
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2552380422
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2552380422Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/e18110397Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Increase in Complexity and Information through Molecular EvolutionWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2016Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2016-11-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Peter SchusterList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/e18110397Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/11/397/pdf?version=1479136179Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/11/397/pdf?version=1479136179Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Viral quasispecies, Population, Mutation, Competition (biology), Extinction (optical mineralogy), Statistical physics, Natural selection, Competitor analysis, Selection (genetic algorithm), Evolutionary biology, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Biology, Ecology, Physics, Genetics, Mathematics, Economics, Artificial intelligence, Gene, Hepatitis C virus, Management, Demography, Paleontology, Virus, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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14Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1, 2024: 1, 2022: 1, 2021: 2, 2020: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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112Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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