Indicators for evaluating shared sanitation quality: a systematic review and recommendations for sanitation monitoring Article Swipe

PDF

Sarah Lebu , Lauren Sprouse , John Apambilla Akudago , Carrie Baldwin-SoRelle , Chimdi Muoghalu , Carmen Anthonj , Barbara Evans , Joe Brown , Jamie Bartram , Musa Manga ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52

Shared sanitation facilities have replaced open defecation in many areas, improving sanitation access. Although a broad body of literature has been published regarding the importance of shared sanitation services, it is still unclear how to assess their quality. The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence on the use of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements and identify indicators for assessing their quality. We conducted a systematic review of relevant studies and a total of 248 studies were included in the final analysis. Findings include a proposed list of indicators for evaluating the quality of shared sanitation such as the number of people sharing facilities, cleanliness, privacy, facility location, accessibility, and safety, and a tool for distinguishing between sanitation facilities that are improved shared, basic shared and unimproved shared. We recommend incorporating the proposed indicators in primary data collection, and routine national and global sanitation monitoring.

Related Topics

Sanitation

Business

Environmental Planning

Environmental Health

Environmental Science

Medicine

Environmental Engineering

Philosophy

Epistemology

Concepts

Sanitation Quality (philosophy) Business Environmental planning Environmental health Environmental science Medicine Environmental engineering Philosophy Epistemology

Metadata

Type: review
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
PDF: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
OA Status: gold
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4403559702

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4403559702

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Indicators for evaluating shared sanitation quality: a systematic review and recommendations for sanitation monitoring

Work title
Type: review

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-10-04

Full publication date if available
Authors: Sarah Lebu, Lauren Sprouse, John Apambilla Akudago, Carrie Baldwin-SoRelle, Chimdi Muoghalu, Carmen Anthonj, Barbara Evans, Joe Brown, Jamie Bartram, Musa Manga

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Sanitation, Quality (philosophy), Business, Environmental planning, Environmental health, Environmental science, Medicine, Environmental engineering, Philosophy, Epistemology

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4403559702
doi	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4403559702
fwci	0.0
type	review
title	Indicators for evaluating shared sanitation quality: a systematic review and recommendations for sanitation monitoring
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10596
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/29
topics[0].field.display_name	Nursing
topics[0].score	0.9372000098228455
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2916
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Nutrition and Dietetics
topics[0].display_name	Child Nutrition and Water Access
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2780151969
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.942231297492981
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149
concepts[0].display_name	Sanitation
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2779530757
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.4738381505012512
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505
concepts[1].display_name	Quality (philosophy)
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C144133560
concepts[2].level	0
concepts[2].score	0.46122652292251587
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453
concepts[2].display_name	Business
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C91375879
concepts[3].level	1
concepts[3].score	0.42108353972435
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274
concepts[3].display_name	Environmental planning
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C99454951
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.4165034294128418
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068
concepts[4].display_name	Environmental health
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C39432304
concepts[5].level	0
concepts[5].score	0.3613607883453369
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847
concepts[5].display_name	Environmental science
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[6].level	0
concepts[6].score	0.19039320945739746
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[6].display_name	Medicine
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C87717796
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.13579392433166504
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326
concepts[7].display_name	Environmental engineering
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C138885662
concepts[8].level	0
concepts[8].score	0.0
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891
concepts[8].display_name	Philosophy
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C111472728
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.0
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471
concepts[9].display_name	Epistemology
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation
keywords[0].score	0.942231297492981
keywords[0].display_name	Sanitation
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/quality
keywords[1].score	0.4738381505012512
keywords[1].display_name	Quality (philosophy)
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/business
keywords[2].score	0.46122652292251587
keywords[2].display_name	Business
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning
keywords[3].score	0.42108353972435
keywords[3].display_name	Environmental planning
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health
keywords[4].score	0.4165034294128418
keywords[4].display_name	Environmental health
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science
keywords[5].score	0.3613607883453369
keywords[5].display_name	Environmental science
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[6].score	0.19039320945739746
keywords[6].display_name	Medicine
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering
keywords[7].score	0.13579392433166504
keywords[7].display_name	Environmental engineering
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:cdr.lib.unc.edu:5999nh876
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	Article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name	npj Clean Water, 7(1)
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5055560963
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5618-3091
authorships[0].author.display_name	Sarah Lebu
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Lebu, Sarah
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070558307
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	Lauren Sprouse
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Sprouse, Lauren
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5027275819
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	John Apambilla Akudago
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Akudago, John Apambilla
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5026163777
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-881X
authorships[3].author.display_name	Carrie Baldwin-SoRelle
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Baldwin-SoRelle, Carrie
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070180559
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-3031
authorships[4].author.display_name	Chimdi Muoghalu
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Muoghalu, Chimdi C.
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5026172417
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-0743
authorships[5].author.display_name	Carmen Anthonj
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Anthonj, Carmen
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5030728942
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-3141
authorships[6].author.display_name	Barbara Evans
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Evans, Barbara
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5108996008
authorships[7].author.orcid
authorships[7].author.display_name	Joe Brown
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Brown, Joe
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001833569
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6542-6315
authorships[8].author.display_name	Jamie Bartram
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Bartram, Jamie
authorships[8].is_corresponding	False
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5081841349
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-7318
authorships[9].author.display_name	Musa Manga
authorships[9].author_position	last
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Manga, Musa
authorships[9].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Indicators for evaluating shared sanitation quality: a systematic review and recommendations for sanitation monitoring
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10596
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/29
primary_topic.field.display_name	Nursing
primary_topic.score	0.9372000098228455
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2916
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Nutrition and Dietetics
primary_topic.display_name	Child Nutrition and Water Access
related_works	https://openalex.org/W3127738519, https://openalex.org/W2290195854, https://openalex.org/W2392926292, https://openalex.org/W1938737440, https://openalex.org/W2047206927, https://openalex.org/W2773928185, https://openalex.org/W1513973356, https://openalex.org/W2397232613, https://openalex.org/W3115053573, https://openalex.org/W2884460237
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	pmh:cdr.lib.unc.edu:5999nh876
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	Article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	npj Clean Water, 7(1)
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
primary_location.id	pmh:cdr.lib.unc.edu:5999nh876
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	Article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name	npj Clean Water, 7(1)
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.17615/cxks-hv52
publication_date	2024-10-04
publication_year	2024
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.a	14, 66, 73, 86, 114
abstract_inverted_index.We	64, 130
abstract_inverted_index.as	99
abstract_inverted_index.in	7, 54, 80, 136
abstract_inverted_index.is	30
abstract_inverted_index.it	29
abstract_inverted_index.of	17, 25, 40, 50, 69, 75, 89, 95, 102
abstract_inverted_index.on	47
abstract_inverted_index.to	34, 44
abstract_inverted_index.248	76
abstract_inverted_index.The	38
abstract_inverted_index.and	57, 72, 111, 113, 127, 140, 143
abstract_inverted_index.are	122
abstract_inverted_index.for	60, 91, 116
abstract_inverted_index.has	19
abstract_inverted_index.how	33
abstract_inverted_index.the	23, 48, 81, 93, 100, 133
abstract_inverted_index.use	49
abstract_inverted_index.was	43
abstract_inverted_index.been	20
abstract_inverted_index.body	16
abstract_inverted_index.data	138
abstract_inverted_index.have	3
abstract_inverted_index.list	88
abstract_inverted_index.many	8
abstract_inverted_index.open	5
abstract_inverted_index.such	98
abstract_inverted_index.that	121
abstract_inverted_index.this	41
abstract_inverted_index.tool	115
abstract_inverted_index.were	78
abstract_inverted_index.basic	125
abstract_inverted_index.broad	15
abstract_inverted_index.final	82
abstract_inverted_index.still	31
abstract_inverted_index.their	36, 62
abstract_inverted_index.total	74
abstract_inverted_index.Shared	0
abstract_inverted_index.areas,	9
abstract_inverted_index.assess	35
abstract_inverted_index.global	144
abstract_inverted_index.number	101
abstract_inverted_index.people	103
abstract_inverted_index.review	42, 68
abstract_inverted_index.shared	26, 51, 96, 126
abstract_inverted_index.access.	12
abstract_inverted_index.between	118
abstract_inverted_index.include	85
abstract_inverted_index.primary	137
abstract_inverted_index.quality	94
abstract_inverted_index.routine	141
abstract_inverted_index.safety,	112
abstract_inverted_index.shared,	124
abstract_inverted_index.shared.	129
abstract_inverted_index.sharing	104
abstract_inverted_index.studies	71, 77
abstract_inverted_index.unclear	32
abstract_inverted_index.Although	13
abstract_inverted_index.Findings	84
abstract_inverted_index.evidence	46
abstract_inverted_index.facility	108
abstract_inverted_index.identify	58
abstract_inverted_index.improved	123
abstract_inverted_index.included	79
abstract_inverted_index.informal	55
abstract_inverted_index.national	142
abstract_inverted_index.privacy,	107
abstract_inverted_index.proposed	87, 134
abstract_inverted_index.quality.	37, 63
abstract_inverted_index.relevant	70
abstract_inverted_index.replaced	4
abstract_inverted_index.analysis.	83
abstract_inverted_index.assessing	61
abstract_inverted_index.conducted	65
abstract_inverted_index.improving	10
abstract_inverted_index.location,	109
abstract_inverted_index.objective	39
abstract_inverted_index.published	21
abstract_inverted_index.recommend	131
abstract_inverted_index.regarding	22
abstract_inverted_index.services,	28
abstract_inverted_index.defecation	6
abstract_inverted_index.evaluating	92
abstract_inverted_index.facilities	2, 53, 120
abstract_inverted_index.importance	24
abstract_inverted_index.indicators	59, 90, 135
abstract_inverted_index.literature	18
abstract_inverted_index.sanitation	1, 11, 27, 52, 97, 119, 145
abstract_inverted_index.synthesize	45
abstract_inverted_index.systematic	67
abstract_inverted_index.unimproved	128
abstract_inverted_index.collection,	139
abstract_inverted_index.facilities,	105
abstract_inverted_index.monitoring.	146
abstract_inverted_index.settlements	56
abstract_inverted_index.cleanliness,	106
abstract_inverted_index.incorporating	132
abstract_inverted_index.accessibility,	110
abstract_inverted_index.distinguishing	117
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	10
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.6800000071525574
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Zero hunger
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.2644765
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False