Fingerprint-based wireless indoor positioning approaches are widely used for location-based services because wireless signals, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, are currently pervasive in indoor spaces. The working principle of fingerprinting technology is to collect the fingerprints from an indoor environment, such as a room or a building, in advance, create a fingerprint map, and use this map to estimate the user's current location. The fingerprinting technology is associated with a high level of accuracy and reliabi…