Inference with finite time series: II. The window strikes back Article Swipe
C. Talbot
,
S. Biscoveanu
,
Aaron Zimmerman
,
Tomasz Baka
,
Will M. Farr
,
Jacob Golomb
,
C. G. Hoy
,
A. P. Lundgren
,
Jacopo Tissino
,
J. Veitch
,
A. Vijaykumar
,
M. J. Williams
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae1ac7
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae1ac7
Smooth window functions are often applied to strain data when inferring the parameters describing the astrophysical sources of gravitational-wave transients. Within the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration, it is conventional to include a term to account for power loss due to this window in the likelihood function. We show that the inclusion of this factor leads to biased inference. The simplest solution to this, omitting the factor, leads to unbiased posteriors and Bayes factor estimates provided the window does not suppress the signal for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) , but unreliable estimates of the absolute likelihood. Instead, we propose a multi-stage method that yields consistent estimates for the absolute likelihood in addition to unbiased posterior distributions and Bayes factors for SNRs . Additionally, we demonstrate that the commonly held wisdom that using rectangular windows necessarily leads to biased inference is incorrect.
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- article
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- https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae1ac7
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- 48
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Inference with finite time series: II. The window strikes backWork title
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articleOpenAlex work type
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2025Year of publication
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2025-11-03Full publication date if available
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C. Talbot, S. Biscoveanu, Aaron Zimmerman, Tomasz Baka, Will M. Farr, Jacob Golomb, C. G. Hoy, A. P. Lundgren, Jacopo Tissino, J. Veitch, A. Vijaykumar, M. J. WilliamsList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae1ac7Publisher landing page
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4307082099, https://openalex.org/W4223426273, https://openalex.org/W4392011997, https://openalex.org/W4401193885, https://openalex.org/W2766840380, https://openalex.org/W2768318238, https://openalex.org/W3216299966, https://openalex.org/W4226083230, https://openalex.org/W4234856688, https://openalex.org/W1994870116, https://openalex.org/W2051952627, https://openalex.org/W2972304929, https://openalex.org/W3207431657, https://openalex.org/W2111460811, https://openalex.org/W2037939815, https://openalex.org/W1891707817, https://openalex.org/W2899782607, https://openalex.org/W3176256066, https://openalex.org/W2153006233, https://openalex.org/W2904100164, https://openalex.org/W2785157674, https://openalex.org/W4402659155, https://openalex.org/W2514006162, https://openalex.org/W2051539854, https://openalex.org/W2342129039, https://openalex.org/W2287374104, https://openalex.org/W2953142974, https://openalex.org/W3199571811, https://openalex.org/W4387158257, https://openalex.org/W2252795400, https://openalex.org/W2214545089, https://openalex.org/W1134494461, https://openalex.org/W3031064176, https://openalex.org/W2996762233, https://openalex.org/W2944915357, https://openalex.org/W4408358360, https://openalex.org/W4224027827, https://openalex.org/W3025984780, https://openalex.org/W4308657923, https://openalex.org/W2961325240, https://openalex.org/W3015462544, https://openalex.org/W3107928295, https://openalex.org/W4308709908, https://openalex.org/W3035965352, https://openalex.org/W3003257820, https://openalex.org/W2011301426, https://openalex.org/W2413988422, https://openalex.org/W3126588700 |
| referenced_works_count | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index., | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.. | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 30, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 41, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 26, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 18, 50, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 7, 28, 32, 38, 54, 60, 66, 124, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 109, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 69, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 34, 81, 118, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 12, 15, 22, 42, 48, 63, 74, 79, 105, 119, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SNRs | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.does | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.held | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.term | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 47, 114, 152, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 39, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bayes | 70, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leads | 53, 65, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SNRs) | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Smooth | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Within | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biased | 55, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 52, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strain | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 2, 40, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wisdom | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yields | 115 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.account | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 17 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Instead, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absolute | 106, 120 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.commonly | 154 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simplest | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suppress | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unbiased | 67, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:math | 85, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimates | 72, 103, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function. | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 3 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.inference | 165 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.posterior | 126 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.incorrect. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inference. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likelihood | 43, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.posteriors | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unreliable | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.</mml:math> | 99, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.</mml:mrow> | 91, 98, 139, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likelihood. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-stage | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessarily | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rectangular | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transients. | 20 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.astrophysical | 16 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.<mml:mn>1000</mml:mn> | 143 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" | 86, 134 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5060250810, https://openalex.org/A5087879174, https://openalex.org/A5014268344, https://openalex.org/A5009004096, https://openalex.org/A5001078424, https://openalex.org/A5103079292, https://openalex.org/A5082607890, https://openalex.org/A5089952166, https://openalex.org/A5012936916, https://openalex.org/A5061968355, https://openalex.org/A5053885182, https://openalex.org/A5107483970 |
| countries_distinct_count | 6 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 12 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921, https://openalex.org/I11932220, https://openalex.org/I122411786, https://openalex.org/I193662353, https://openalex.org/I40347166, https://openalex.org/I4210110940, https://openalex.org/I4210150763, https://openalex.org/I59553526, https://openalex.org/I63072094, https://openalex.org/I7882870, https://openalex.org/I86519309 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |