Influence mechanisms of silica nanoparticles’ property enhancement in cementitious materials and their green synthesis: A critical review Article Swipe
Safiki Ainomugisha
,
Moses J. Matovu
,
Musa Manga
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372
Green synthesis of silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) from agricultural residues is a promising avenue for cementitious materials application. However, very few studies are dedicated to reviewing the influence mechanisms underlying the green synthesis methods and the mechanisms governing their effectiveness in property enhancement in cementitious materials. Our review established that the influence mechanisms of green synthesis of SiO2-NPs include fracturing, polymerization, solubilization, and oxidoreductase. The highest silica purity of over 99 % was mainly reported in chemical sol-gel synthesis, meanwhile, the biggest surface area was reported with mechanical milling of up to 1441 m2/g from rice straw ash. SiO2-NPs were found to enhance the cementitious matrix mainly through nucleation seeding and pozzolanicity. Our review critically discusses other influence mechanisms of the hydration kinetics and interfacial transition zone, pore structure, and matrix densification optimization. SiO2-NPs were reported to enhance the early compressive strength of cementitious materials, sulfate attack resistance, and chloride permeability by up to 100.6 %, 79 %, and 86.2 % respectively. Optimum dosages based on compressed strength improvement varied mainly between 1.0 % and 4.0 %. Existing research seems not to address how the synthesis influencing parameters, such as pH, gelation time, temperature, and milling parameters could be optimized, hence an avenue for future research.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 249
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4399466612
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4399466612Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Influence mechanisms of silica nanoparticles’ property enhancement in cementitious materials and their green synthesis: A critical reviewWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-06-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Safiki Ainomugisha, Moses J. Matovu, Musa MangaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Cementitious, Materials science, Nanoparticle, Property (philosophy), Composite material, Nanotechnology, Cement, Philosophy, EpistemologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
249Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4399466612 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4399466612 |
| fwci | 1.96375866 |
| type | review |
| title | Influence mechanisms of silica nanoparticles’ property enhancement in cementitious materials and their green synthesis: A critical review |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 20 |
| biblio.last_page | e03372 |
| biblio.first_page | e03372 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10033 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Concrete and Cement Materials Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13039 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10687 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9908000230789185 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Innovative concrete reinforcement materials |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 600 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 600 |
| apc_paid.value | 600 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 600 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779666059 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8360550403594971 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Cementitious |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6150668263435364 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C155672457 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5138778686523438 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C189950617 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.42681217193603516 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Property (philosophy) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3831433057785034 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.32785215973854065 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C523993062 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.23645323514938354 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Cement |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C138885662 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Philosophy |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C111472728 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Epistemology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8360550403594971 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Cementitious |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6150668263435364 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5138778686523438 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/property |
| keywords[3].score | 0.42681217193603516 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Property (philosophy) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3831433057785034 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.32785215973854065 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cement |
| keywords[6].score | 0.23645323514938354 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Cement |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05b897eb14fc43c19dc274448cb4c328 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials, Vol 20, Iss , Pp e03372- (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/05b897eb14fc43c19dc274448cb4c328 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5045269442 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-5442 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Safiki Ainomugisha |
| authorships[0].countries | UG |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Construction Economics and Management, School of Built Environment, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dmz0111 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | UG |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Makerere University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Safiki Ainomugisha |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Construction Economics and Management, School of Built Environment, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029251294 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Moses J. Matovu |
| authorships[1].countries | UG |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dmz0111 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | UG |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Makerere University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Moses J. Matovu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081841349 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-7318 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Musa Manga |
| authorships[2].countries | UG, US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, USA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Construction Economics and Management, School of Built Environment, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03dmz0111 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | UG |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Makerere University |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0130frc33 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Musa Manga |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Construction Economics and Management, School of Built Environment, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Influence mechanisms of silica nanoparticles’ property enhancement in cementitious materials and their green synthesis: A critical review |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10033 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Concrete and Cement Materials Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2107474349, https://openalex.org/W4393040057, https://openalex.org/W2893841664, https://openalex.org/W2352393571, https://openalex.org/W1997260160, https://openalex.org/W4318064346, https://openalex.org/W2084254083, https://openalex.org/W3134308556, https://openalex.org/W2028751756, https://openalex.org/W2021979291 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03372 |
| publication_date | 2024-06-09 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2134714886, https://openalex.org/W1996257758, https://openalex.org/W1969387035, https://openalex.org/W2607650933, https://openalex.org/W3080135175, https://openalex.org/W2016312379, https://openalex.org/W4205938972, https://openalex.org/W3175077085, https://openalex.org/W4365506083, https://openalex.org/W6846881025, https://openalex.org/W4200552666, https://openalex.org/W6849275360, https://openalex.org/W2899034905, https://openalex.org/W4390398071, https://openalex.org/W4200356097, https://openalex.org/W4366979892, https://openalex.org/W4390561344, https://openalex.org/W4391133525, https://openalex.org/W4392125466, https://openalex.org/W4294884279, https://openalex.org/W4213142916, https://openalex.org/W3148609442, https://openalex.org/W3023825286, https://openalex.org/W1967901144, https://openalex.org/W4205341204, https://openalex.org/W2782299673, https://openalex.org/W2945501847, https://openalex.org/W2000650645, https://openalex.org/W3037011511, https://openalex.org/W3161564775, https://openalex.org/W6851891952, https://openalex.org/W6795110660, https://openalex.org/W6792608751, https://openalex.org/W4313399884, https://openalex.org/W3192772413, https://openalex.org/W4205971439, https://openalex.org/W6773193066, https://openalex.org/W3038259725, https://openalex.org/W2941036423, https://openalex.org/W6780187079, https://openalex.org/W3119094522, https://openalex.org/W2906981395, https://openalex.org/W6843588965, https://openalex.org/W4323350824, https://openalex.org/W3143678846, https://openalex.org/W4214882875, https://openalex.org/W6846829748, https://openalex.org/W6849062242, https://openalex.org/W6846621397, https://openalex.org/W3179271244, https://openalex.org/W4281658476, https://openalex.org/W1974278469, https://openalex.org/W2946550828, https://openalex.org/W6644743778, https://openalex.org/W4301594843, https://openalex.org/W2004906357, https://openalex.org/W4313573777, https://openalex.org/W4283788434, https://openalex.org/W2622514551, https://openalex.org/W2948998936, https://openalex.org/W4206440982, https://openalex.org/W6842431679, https://openalex.org/W6759304456, https://openalex.org/W3160898154, https://openalex.org/W4289835816, https://openalex.org/W4392661534, https://openalex.org/W4321096196, https://openalex.org/W2441043068, https://openalex.org/W4292858602, https://openalex.org/W4390095073, https://openalex.org/W2412043228, https://openalex.org/W6747424435, https://openalex.org/W3022108537, https://openalex.org/W6632647605, https://openalex.org/W2001561235, https://openalex.org/W4229443098, https://openalex.org/W3204264961, https://openalex.org/W3158625454, https://openalex.org/W3100402797, https://openalex.org/W2125179619, https://openalex.org/W3103497037, https://openalex.org/W2121392910, https://openalex.org/W4225158197, https://openalex.org/W3042369094, https://openalex.org/W2000256483, https://openalex.org/W1997154979, https://openalex.org/W4321014306, https://openalex.org/W2051945637, https://openalex.org/W6774464937, https://openalex.org/W1985058926, https://openalex.org/W2050436149, https://openalex.org/W2333981856, https://openalex.org/W2058629329, https://openalex.org/W2079437440, https://openalex.org/W4211059458, https://openalex.org/W2032402789, https://openalex.org/W4210978293, https://openalex.org/W2100270314, https://openalex.org/W2903908422, https://openalex.org/W2738810671, https://openalex.org/W2108928903, https://openalex.org/W198013874, https://openalex.org/W4393930035, https://openalex.org/W1987793369, https://openalex.org/W2217296958, https://openalex.org/W2460422786, https://openalex.org/W1984627430, https://openalex.org/W6807058799, https://openalex.org/W2042076092, https://openalex.org/W2561182228, https://openalex.org/W2913401378, https://openalex.org/W2989842207, https://openalex.org/W6792447589, https://openalex.org/W2909032118, https://openalex.org/W3087123043, https://openalex.org/W3005273298, https://openalex.org/W4382292468, https://openalex.org/W4321615651, https://openalex.org/W1995196301, https://openalex.org/W2095021628, https://openalex.org/W1992444271, https://openalex.org/W3012062468, https://openalex.org/W2162293740, https://openalex.org/W3175475737, https://openalex.org/W3093112482, https://openalex.org/W2566047639, https://openalex.org/W2048377560, https://openalex.org/W3037884460, https://openalex.org/W2755245346, https://openalex.org/W2001669319, https://openalex.org/W633847802, https://openalex.org/W6849838415, https://openalex.org/W2053412499, https://openalex.org/W2125684439, https://openalex.org/W3036108936, https://openalex.org/W2041014591, https://openalex.org/W2791783845, https://openalex.org/W3112443168, https://openalex.org/W2333588255, https://openalex.org/W1968553413, https://openalex.org/W2793259356, https://openalex.org/W2046590022, https://openalex.org/W2126136050, https://openalex.org/W2590263627, https://openalex.org/W858496823, https://openalex.org/W2016235146, https://openalex.org/W3123543022, https://openalex.org/W1981053749, https://openalex.org/W3193737639, https://openalex.org/W2536499725, https://openalex.org/W2980582772, https://openalex.org/W2801160906, https://openalex.org/W2036669843, https://openalex.org/W2554004662, https://openalex.org/W2588222289, https://openalex.org/W2589910269, https://openalex.org/W3128015290, https://openalex.org/W4226166679, https://openalex.org/W3171334550, https://openalex.org/W2922768201, https://openalex.org/W2139249206, https://openalex.org/W4229332344, https://openalex.org/W2160831775, https://openalex.org/W2738883315, https://openalex.org/W1982971285, https://openalex.org/W2995538877, https://openalex.org/W2969516161, https://openalex.org/W2984557025, https://openalex.org/W2608043312, https://openalex.org/W2810849241, https://openalex.org/W2004460348, https://openalex.org/W2072342051, https://openalex.org/W1993884337, https://openalex.org/W3126780083, https://openalex.org/W2308338642, https://openalex.org/W2022469669, https://openalex.org/W2312513119, https://openalex.org/W119414230, https://openalex.org/W4294898149, https://openalex.org/W6804332033, https://openalex.org/W2080419859, https://openalex.org/W2891492993, https://openalex.org/W3184766633, https://openalex.org/W6744963419, https://openalex.org/W1970447409, https://openalex.org/W2896896664, https://openalex.org/W2923636194, https://openalex.org/W3013358932, https://openalex.org/W1991007770, https://openalex.org/W3045395746, https://openalex.org/W2139991582, https://openalex.org/W1997150924, https://openalex.org/W6754606808, https://openalex.org/W4382062658, https://openalex.org/W2962309298, https://openalex.org/W3088354016, https://openalex.org/W3197828547, https://openalex.org/W6752560418, https://openalex.org/W2967655366, https://openalex.org/W4307941303, https://openalex.org/W6847099255, https://openalex.org/W4206031543, https://openalex.org/W3155753922, https://openalex.org/W2092582124, https://openalex.org/W1964828831, https://openalex.org/W2120956831, https://openalex.org/W2099735107, https://openalex.org/W1979521063, https://openalex.org/W2162513021, https://openalex.org/W2027253963, https://openalex.org/W1988851509, https://openalex.org/W2098100151, https://openalex.org/W2015165966, https://openalex.org/W166988835, https://openalex.org/W1999660149, https://openalex.org/W4385879462, https://openalex.org/W6785479306, https://openalex.org/W6712519667, https://openalex.org/W2209516442, https://openalex.org/W3133259147, https://openalex.org/W4321435970, https://openalex.org/W3001612091, https://openalex.org/W3096883170, https://openalex.org/W4317254366, https://openalex.org/W3137541387, https://openalex.org/W4366144458, https://openalex.org/W2399604854, https://openalex.org/W4310688918, https://openalex.org/W1545584412, https://openalex.org/W3212794809, https://openalex.org/W4206967415, https://openalex.org/W3158711959, https://openalex.org/W4311747465, https://openalex.org/W2492020977, https://openalex.org/W4307235953, https://openalex.org/W3208261418, https://openalex.org/W2778511670, https://openalex.org/W3137870156, https://openalex.org/W4308801018, https://openalex.org/W3038078263, https://openalex.org/W3008607781, https://openalex.org/W2805070508, https://openalex.org/W4294676813, https://openalex.org/W1976827948, https://openalex.org/W4296517662, https://openalex.org/W4319072852, https://openalex.org/W4240963643, https://openalex.org/W2762706617, https://openalex.org/W2890864605 |
| referenced_works_count | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.% | 70, 159, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.%, | 154, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.%. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.79 | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.99 | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 39, 42, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 52, 55, 67, 88, 118, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 23, 90, 100, 135, 152, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 89, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.0 | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.0 | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 45, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 33, 61, 109, 122, 128, 147, 157, 173, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 13, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pH, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 25, 29, 34, 49, 79, 102, 119, 137, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 71, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1441 | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.86.2 | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ash. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 6, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.m2/g | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pore | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rice | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 98, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100.6 | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Green | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.green | 30, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hence | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seems | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.straw | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zone, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attack | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avenue | 12, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 72, 105, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matrix | 104, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purity | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 46, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silica | 3, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varied | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Optimum | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biggest | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dosages | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 101, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.milling | 87, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seeding | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sol-gel | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfate | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Existing | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SiO2-NPs | 56, 97, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chloride | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gelation | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kinetics | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.property | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 73, 84, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residues | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength | 140, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dedicated | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discusses | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.governing | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydration | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 26, 50, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research. | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewing | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 1, 31, 54, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SiO2-NPs) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compressed | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critically | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials. | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meanwhile, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanical | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 27, 35, 51, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nucleation | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compressive | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancement | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fracturing, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influencing | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interfacial | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cementitious | 14, 43, 103, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permeability | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.densification | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization. | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pozzolanicity. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidoreductase. | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymerization, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solubilization, | 60 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5045269442, https://openalex.org/A5081841349 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177, https://openalex.org/I72227227 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.78522339 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |