Influenza A virus segments five and six can harbor artificial introns allowing expanded coding capacity Article Swipe
Heather M. Froggatt
,
Kaitlyn N. Burke
,
Ryan R. Chaparian
,
Hector A. Miranda
,
Xinyu Zhu
,
Benjamin S. Chambers
,
Nicholas S. Heaton
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951
Influenza A viruses encode their genomes across eight, negative sense RNA segments. The six largest segments produce mRNA transcripts that do not generally splice; however, the two smallest segments are actively spliced to produce the essential viral proteins NEP and M2. Thus, viral utilization of RNA splicing effectively expands the viral coding capacity without increasing the number of genomic segments. As a first step towards understanding why splicing is not more broadly utilized across genomic segments, we designed and inserted an artificial intron into the normally nonsplicing NA segment. This insertion was tolerated and, although viral mRNAs were incompletely spliced, we observed only minor effects on viral fitness. To take advantage of the unspliced viral RNAs, we encoded a reporter luciferase gene in frame with the viral ORF such that when the intron was not removed the reporter protein would be produced. This approach, which we also show can be applied to the NP encoding segment and in different viral genetic backgrounds, led to high levels of reporter protein expression with minimal effects on the kinetics of viral replication or the ability to cause disease in experimentally infected animals. These data together show that the influenza viral genome is more tolerant of splicing than previously appreciated and this knowledge can be leveraged to develop viral genetic platforms with utility for biotechnology applications.
Related Topics
Concepts
Intron
Biology
RNA splicing
Gene
Genome
Genetics
Coding region
RNA
Computational biology
Influenza A virus
Viral replication
Reporter gene
Virus
Virology
Gene expression
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951
- https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951&type=printable
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 7
- References
- 51
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3204471398
All OpenAlex metadata
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https://openalex.org/W3204471398Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Influenza A virus segments five and six can harbor artificial introns allowing expanded coding capacityWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-09-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Heather M. Froggatt, Kaitlyn N. Burke, Ryan R. Chaparian, Hector A. Miranda, Xinyu Zhu, Benjamin S. Chambers, Nicholas S. HeatonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951&type=printableDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951&type=printableDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Intron, Biology, RNA splicing, Gene, Genome, Genetics, Coding region, RNA, Computational biology, Influenza A virus, Viral replication, Reporter gene, Virus, Virology, Gene expressionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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7Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2, 2023: 3, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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51Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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