Innovative efficient approaches to (IV) fluid administration: the role of multiple (IV) lines in enhancing flow rates Article Swipe

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Slawomir Oleszak , Jerome Belford , Daryn Moller , Ralph Epstein , Jason Lee , Sergio Bergese ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2025.1662229

Fluid therapy is essential for maintaining circulatory homeostasis and ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to tissues during surgery and certain traumatic conditions. According to Poiseuille’s Law, flow rate is influenced by pressure gradient, tubing radius, tubing length, and fluid viscosity; however, clinical situations often necessitate the use of smaller gauge catheters (for example, 20-gauge) due to poor vein quality or limited access, which significantly reduces flow. The main goal of this study was to develop a means of improving rates of fluid resuscitation in such situations. Conventional strategies, such as high-pressure infusion devices, can increase flow but also carry risks including venous rupture and air embolism. In this laboratory-based study, we investigated whether connecting multiple IV systems to a single catheter could improve flow rates in scenarios where catheter gauge size is limited. We hypothesized that adding IV systems would improve flow rates in accordance with Poiseuille’s law. Using 16-gauge, 18-gauge, and 20-gauge catheters (internal diameter 16G (gauge) ≈1.7 mm; 18G, ≈1.3 mm; 20G, ≈1.0 mm) at three different heights (110 cm, 140 cm, 170 cm), we compared flow achieved with one, two, or three IV systems to that produced by a pressure bag set at 250 mm of mercury (millimeters of mercury (mmHg)). Our findings demonstrated that multiple IV systems significantly increased flow rates; for example, with a 20-gauge catheter at 110 cm, the flow rate increased from 38.87 mL per minute (mL/min) with a single pressured system to 45.25 mL/min using three gravity-fed systems—an improvement of approximately 16.4%. Similar enhancements were observed across other catheter sizes and heights. These results suggest that using multiple IV systems can provide a practical, lower-risk alternative to pressurized infusion for situations requiring rapid resuscitation, especially in patients with difficult access or fragile veins. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and assess their applicability in real-world settings.

Related Topics

Catheter

Volumetric Flow Rate

Medicine

Biomedical Engineering

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Anesthesia

Environmental Science

Concepts

Catheter Volumetric flow rate Medicine Oxygen delivery Biomedical engineering Resuscitation Flow (mathematics) Surgery Pressure drop Fluid dynamics Circulatory system Single use Blood flow Anesthesia Fluid motion Mercury (programming language) Critically ill Flow conditions Environmental science Vein

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2025.1662229
PDF: https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1662229/pdf
OA Status: gold
References: 16
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7106547988

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2025.1662229

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Title: Innovative efficient approaches to (IV) fluid administration: the role of multiple (IV) lines in enhancing flow rates

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-25

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Authors: Slawomir Oleszak, Jerome Belford, Daryn Moller, Ralph Epstein, Jason Lee, Sergio Bergese

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2025.1662229

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Concepts: Catheter, Volumetric flow rate, Medicine, Oxygen delivery, Biomedical engineering, Resuscitation, Flow (mathematics), Surgery, Pressure drop, Fluid dynamics, Circulatory system, Single use, Blood flow, Anesthesia, Fluid motion, Mercury (programming language), Critically ill, Flow conditions, Environmental science, Vein

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abstract_inverted_index.as	88
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abstract_inverted_index.we	109, 175
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abstract_inverted_index.mm;	158, 161
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abstract_inverted_index.18G,	159
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abstract_inverted_index.law.	146
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abstract_inverted_index.one,	180
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abstract_inverted_index.These	259
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abstract_inverted_index.fluid	37, 80
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abstract_inverted_index.study	70
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abstract_inverted_index.would	138
abstract_inverted_index.16.4%.	248
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abstract_inverted_index.mL/min	240
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abstract_inverted_index.rates;	213
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abstract_inverted_index.study,	108
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abstract_inverted_index.fragile	288
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abstract_inverted_index.diameter	154
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abstract_inverted_index.catheters	49, 152
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abstract_inverted_index.embolism.	104
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abstract_inverted_index.settings.	305
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abstract_inverted_index.pressurized	274
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abstract_inverted_index.resuscitation,	280
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