Integrated Analyses of the Mechanism of Flower Color Formation in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Article Swipe
Zhaozhu Wen
,
Huancheng Liu
,
Qian Zhang
,
Xuran Lu
,
Kai Jiang
,
Qinyan Bao
,
Zhifei Zhang
,
Guofeng Yang
,
Zeng‐Yu Wang
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135
Background: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most valuable forages in the world. As an outcrossing species, it needs bright flowers to attract pollinators to deal with self-incompatibility. Although various flower colors have been observed and described in alfalfa a long time ago, the biochemical and molecular mechanism of its color formation is still unclear. Methods: By analyzing alfalfa lines with five contrasting flower colors including white (cream-colored), yellow, lavender (purple), dark purple and dark blue, various kinds and levels of anthocyanins, carotenoids and other flavonoids were detected in different colored petals, and their roles in color formation were revealed. Results: Notably, the content of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside in lines 3, 4 and 5 was 58.88, 100.80 and 94.07 times that of line 1, respectively. Delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside was the key factor for purple and blue color formation. Lutein and β-carotene were the main factors for the yellow color formation. By analyzing differentially expressed genes responsible for specific biochemical pathways and compounds, 27 genes were found to be associated with purple and blue color formation, and 14 genes were found to play an important role in yellow color formation. Conclusions: The difference in petal color between white, purple and blue petals was mainly caused by the accumulation of delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside. The difference in petal color between white and yellow petals was mainly affected by the production of lutein and β-carotene. These findings provide a basis for understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism of alfalfa flower color formation.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 42
- Related Works
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- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407661297
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4407661297Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Integrated Analyses of the Mechanism of Flower Color Formation in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)Work title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-02-17Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Zhaozhu Wen, Huancheng Liu, Qian Zhang, Xuran Lu, Kai Jiang, Qinyan Bao, Zhifei Zhang, Guofeng Yang, Zeng‐Yu WangList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15020135Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Medicago sativa, Mechanism (biology), Medicago, Botany, Biology, Physics, Genetics, Quantum mechanics, GeneTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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