Integrated modeling of boron powder injection for real-time plasma-facing component conditioning Article Swipe
F. Effenberg
,
K. Schmid
,
F. Nespoli
,
A. Bortolon
,
Y. Feng
,
B. A. Grierson
,
J. Lore
,
R. Maingi
,
D.L. Rudakov
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832
An integrated modeling framework for investigating the application of solid boron (B) powder injection for real-time surface conditioning of plasma-facing components (PFCs) in tokamak environments is presented. Utilizing the DIII-D impurity powder dropper (IPD) setup, this study simulates B powder injection scenarios ranging from milligrams to tens of milligrams per second, corresponding to boron flux rates of 1020–1021 B/s in standard L-mode conditions. The comprehensive modeling approach combines EMC3-EIRENE for simulating the deuterium plasma background and the Dust Injection Simulator (DIS) for the ablation and transport of the boron powder particles. EMC3 trace impurity fluid modeling results show substantial boron transport to the inboard lower divertor, predominantly influenced by the main ion plasma flow. The dependency on powder particle size (5-250 µm) was found to be insignificant for the scenario considered. The effects of erosion and redeposition were considered to reconcile the discrepancies with experimental observations, which saw substantial deposition on the outer divertor plasma-facing components. For this purpose, the WallDYN3D code was updated to include boron sources within the plasma domain and integrated into the modeling framework. The mixed-material migration modeling shows evolving boron deposition patterns, suggesting the formation of mixed B-C layers or predominantly B coverage depending on the powder mass flow rate. While the modeling outcomes at lower B injection rates tend to align with DIII-D experimental observations, the prediction of near-pure boron layers at higher rates has yet to be experimentally verified in the carbon environment of the DIII-D tokamak. The extensive reach of boron layers found in the modeling suggests the need for modeling that encompasses the entire wall geometry for more accurate experimental correlations. This integrated approach sets a precedent for analyzing and applying real-time in-situ boron coating techniques in advanced tokamak scenarios, potentially extendable to ITER.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 44
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4405011704
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4405011704Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Integrated modeling of boron powder injection for real-time plasma-facing component conditioningWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-12-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
F. Effenberg, K. Schmid, F. Nespoli, A. Bortolon, Y. Feng, B. A. Grierson, J. Lore, R. Maingi, D.L. RudakovList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101832Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Boron, Component (thermodynamics), Plasma, Conditioning, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Engineering, Physics, Nuclear physics, Organic chemistry, Mathematics, StatisticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 3, 2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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44Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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