IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Systematic Review Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621
Water quality monitoring plays a significant part in the transition towards intelligent and smart agriculture and provides an easy transition to automated monitoring of crucial components of human daily needs as new technologies are continuously developed and adopted in agricultural and human daily life (water). For the monitoring and management of water quality, this effort, however, requires reliable models with accurate and thorough datasets. Analyzing water quality monitoring models by utilizing sensors that gather water properties during live experiments is possible due to the necessity for precision in modeling. To convey numerous conclusions regarding the concerns, issues, difficulties, and research gaps that have existed throughout the past five years (2018–2022), this review article thoroughly examines the water quality literature. To find trustworthy peer-reviewed publications, several digital databases were searched and examined, including IEEE Xplore®, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only 50 articles out of the 946 papers obtained, were used in the study of the water quality monitoring research area. There are more rules for article inclusion in the second stage of the filtration process. Utilizing a real-time data acquisition system, the criteria for inclusion for the second phase of filtration looked at the implementation of water quality monitoring and characterization procedures. Reviews and experimental studies comprised most of the articles, which were divided into three categories. To organize the literature into articles with similar types of experimental conditions, a taxonomy of the three literature was created. Topics for recommendations are also provided to facilitate and speed up the pace of advancement in this field of study. By conducting a thorough analysis of the earlier suggested methodologies, research gaps are made clear. The investigation largely pointed out the problems in the accuracy of the models, the development of data-gathering systems, and the types of data used in the proposed frameworks. Finally, by examining critical topics required for the development of this research area, research directions toward smart water quality are presented.
Related Topics
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 97
- References
- 73
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4308871763
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4308871763Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Systematic ReviewWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-11-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Che Zalina Zulkifli, Salem Garfan, Mohammed Talal, A. H. Alamoodi, Amneh Alamleh, Ibraheem Y.Y. Ahmaro, Suliana Sulaiman, Abu Bakar Ibrahim, B. B. Zaidan, Amelia Ritahani Ismail, O. S. Albahri, A. S. Albahri, Chin Fhong Soon, Nor Hazlyna Harun, Ho Hong ChiangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Computer science, Water quality, Scopus, Pace, Trustworthiness, Quality (philosophy), Data science, Systematic review, MEDLINE, Geodesy, Biology, Computer security, Law, Epistemology, Political science, Philosophy, Geography, EcologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
97Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 45, 2024: 34, 2023: 18Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
73Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4308871763 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4308871763 |
| fwci | 9.73177051 |
| type | review |
| title | IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Systematic Review |
| biblio.issue | 22 |
| biblio.volume | 14 |
| biblio.last_page | 3621 |
| biblio.first_page | 3621 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12697 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Water Science and Technology |
| topics[0].display_name | Water Quality Monitoring Technologies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T14249 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9760000109672546 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2311 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12120 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9682000279426575 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2305 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Environmental Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6149979829788208 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780797713 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5728018879890442 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Water quality |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C83867959 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5570653676986694 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Scopus |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2777526511 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5348920226097107 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Pace |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C153701036 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.504885733127594 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Trustworthiness |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779530757 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.46460670232772827 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2522767166 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4499748647212982 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Data science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C189708586 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4221828579902649 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Systematic review |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2779473830 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.13586121797561646 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899 |
| concepts[8].display_name | MEDLINE |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C13280743 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Geodesy |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Law |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C111472728 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Epistemology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C138885662 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Philosophy |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6149979829788208 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5728018879890442 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Water quality |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5570653676986694 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Scopus |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pace |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5348920226097107 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Pace |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness |
| keywords[4].score | 0.504885733127594 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Trustworthiness |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quality |
| keywords[5].score | 0.46460670232772827 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Quality (philosophy) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4499748647212982 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Data science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4221828579902649 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Systematic review |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medline |
| keywords[8].score | 0.13586121797561646 |
| keywords[8].display_name | MEDLINE |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/w14223621 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S134216166 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2073-4441 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2073-4441 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Water |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Water |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:101345 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400250 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Scientific Repository (Petra Christian University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I114202661 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Petra Christian University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I114202661 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:135fbcbc6f84407083ddfe66ec6e99e6 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Water, Vol 14, Iss 22, p 3621 (2022) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/135fbcbc6f84407083ddfe66ec6e99e6 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-4441/14/22/3621/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Water; Volume 14; Issue 22; Pages: 3621 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023369749 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-6291 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Che Zalina Zulkifli |
| authorships[0].countries | MY |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Che Zalina Zulkifli |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037997581 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-6931 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Salem Garfan |
| authorships[1].countries | MY |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Salem Garfan |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014367430 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-3033 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Mohammed Talal |
| authorships[2].countries | MY |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Mohammed Talal |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069290393 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-5570 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | A. H. Alamoodi |
| authorships[3].countries | MY |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | A. H. Alamoodi |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082827398 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-2438 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Amneh Alamleh |
| authorships[4].countries | JO |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I153687341 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13100, Jordan |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I153687341 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01wf1es90 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I153687341 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | JO |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Zarqa University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Amneh Alamleh |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13100, Jordan |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090982056 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-6536 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Ibraheem Y.Y. Ahmaro |
| authorships[5].countries | FR, PS |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I122544976, https://openalex.org/I37417134, https://openalex.org/I4210156583 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computer Science Department, College of Information Technology, Hebron University, Hebron P.O. Box 40, Palestine |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210156583 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05g1zjw44 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I4210091279, https://openalex.org/I4210156583, https://openalex.org/I4210159245 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I122544976 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04wwgp209 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I122544976 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | PS |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Hebron University |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I37417134 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03wwspn40 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I37417134 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | PS |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | Palestine Polytechnic University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Ibraheem Y. Y. Ahmaro |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Computer Science Department, College of Information Technology, Hebron University, Hebron P.O. Box 40, Palestine |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087488274 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-8831 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Suliana Sulaiman |
| authorships[6].countries | MY |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Suliana Sulaiman |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101903727 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-4246 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Abu Bakar Ibrahim |
| authorships[7].countries | MY |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Abu Bakar Ibrahim |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101699433 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-8267 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | B. B. Zaidan |
| authorships[8].countries | TW |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I75357094 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I75357094 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04qkq2m54 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I75357094 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | National Yunlin University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | B. B. Zaidan |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061216078 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-4287 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Amelia Ritahani Ismail |
| authorships[9].countries | MY |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4164984 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4164984 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03s9hs139 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4164984 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Amelia Ritahani Ismail |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112735320 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-3990 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | O. S. Albahri |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4387156470 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah 362Q + FC9, Iraq |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4387156470 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/058arh533 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4387156470 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Mazaya University College |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | O. S. Albahri |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah 362Q + FC9, Iraq |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012505948 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-457X |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | A. S. Albahri |
| authorships[11].countries | IQ |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I3131779051 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad 10021, Iraq |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131779051 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01wfhkb67 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131779051 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | IQ |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | Iraqi University |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | A. S. Albahri |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Informatics Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IIPS), Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI), Baghdad 10021, Iraq |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022008314 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-5729 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Chin Fhong Soon |
| authorships[12].countries | MY |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MINT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Chin Fhong Soon |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MINT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031458587 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-9874 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Nor Hazlyna Harun |
| authorships[13].countries | MY |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I94625822 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Data Science Research Lab, School of Computing, College Arts & Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Malaysia |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I94625822 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01ss10648 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I94625822 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | Northern University of Malaysia |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Nor Hazlyna Harun |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | Data Science Research Lab, School of Computing, College Arts & Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Malaysia |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063022941 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Ho Hong Chiang |
| authorships[14].countries | MY |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[14].author_position | last |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Ho Hong Chiang |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | Computing Department, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | IoT-Based Water Monitoring Systems: A Systematic Review |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12697 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Water Science and Technology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Water Quality Monitoring Technologies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2352709250, https://openalex.org/W4384703381, https://openalex.org/W2412711970, https://openalex.org/W2371282153, https://openalex.org/W2375348578, https://openalex.org/W2339424264, https://openalex.org/W2902546803, https://openalex.org/W2363664336, https://openalex.org/W2375810257, https://openalex.org/W2736827252 |
| cited_by_count | 97 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 45 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 34 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 18 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/w14223621 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S134216166 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2073-4441 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4441 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Water |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Water |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/w14223621 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S134216166 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2073-4441 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2073-4441 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Water |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3621/pdf?version=1669185238 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Water |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/w14223621 |
| publication_date | 2022-11-10 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2884502447, https://openalex.org/W2792776921, https://openalex.org/W3012162900, https://openalex.org/W2794635659, https://openalex.org/W6748989638, https://openalex.org/W3081777626, https://openalex.org/W2973485631, https://openalex.org/W3168330802, https://openalex.org/W3080150692, https://openalex.org/W3201865763, https://openalex.org/W2744015939, https://openalex.org/W4243866788, https://openalex.org/W3082052826, https://openalex.org/W3167146570, https://openalex.org/W2903089042, https://openalex.org/W3038284474, https://openalex.org/W2924206081, https://openalex.org/W2883908928, https://openalex.org/W2895030146, https://openalex.org/W2900990205, https://openalex.org/W3155802493, https://openalex.org/W2040640886, https://openalex.org/W1521866842, https://openalex.org/W1997717271, https://openalex.org/W2915161450, https://openalex.org/W2907734378, https://openalex.org/W3128916520, https://openalex.org/W6780364232, https://openalex.org/W2930669685, https://openalex.org/W3108848502, https://openalex.org/W3026386417, https://openalex.org/W3008690765, https://openalex.org/W6784598617, https://openalex.org/W6774516962, https://openalex.org/W2940700885, https://openalex.org/W2889608638, https://openalex.org/W3087623984, https://openalex.org/W3200702453, https://openalex.org/W4249545268, https://openalex.org/W2889463570, https://openalex.org/W4254798504, https://openalex.org/W2895492108, https://openalex.org/W2885829325, https://openalex.org/W3037574146, https://openalex.org/W3016080163, https://openalex.org/W6759050777, https://openalex.org/W6779347883, https://openalex.org/W4240696589, https://openalex.org/W3040716446, https://openalex.org/W3037970132, https://openalex.org/W3093677829, https://openalex.org/W3019889640, https://openalex.org/W2948511559, https://openalex.org/W2921007186, https://openalex.org/W6795818398, https://openalex.org/W6771108384, https://openalex.org/W3027701968, https://openalex.org/W2800533663, https://openalex.org/W6780688952, https://openalex.org/W4220999749, https://openalex.org/W4214733135, https://openalex.org/W3124787049, https://openalex.org/W2989231173, https://openalex.org/W4288074363, https://openalex.org/W2912560010, https://openalex.org/W3097943792, https://openalex.org/W3035734852, https://openalex.org/W3042601643, https://openalex.org/W3037296733, https://openalex.org/W3163493006, https://openalex.org/W2791415832, https://openalex.org/W2993157969, https://openalex.org/W3009259102 |
| referenced_works_count | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 177, 230, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50 | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 89, 119, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 69, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 38, 87, 151, 168, 253, 280, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 23, 26, 50, 138, 144, 154, 172, 190, 196, 209, 227, 232, 251, 256, 263, 283, 288, 294, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 82, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.946 | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Web | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 15, 36, 40, 48, 61, 98, 129, 136, 200, 204, 246, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 33, 162, 241, 270, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 85, 165, 184, 186, 239, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 143, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 46, 83, 94, 105, 115, 145, 152, 155, 169, 173, 182, 187, 194, 210, 220, 233, 249, 264, 278, 281, 284, 286, 292, 298, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IEEE | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Only | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 179, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easy | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gaps | 100, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 215, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.live | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pace | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.past | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 72, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 53, 110, 254, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 150, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 127, 149, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 59, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Water | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area, | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area. | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.daily | 28, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 27, 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needs | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smart | 13, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stage | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 216, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 226, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 51, 65, 74, 116, 156, 197, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Topics | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clear. | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.convey | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gather | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.looked | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 58, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.papers | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 170, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study. | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topics | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toward | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reviews | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scopus, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adopted | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 112, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divided | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.earlier | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effort, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existed | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues, | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.largely | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pointed | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 1, 66, 117, 157, 198, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensors | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system, | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(water). | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Science. | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accurate | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.articles | 142, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created. | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerous | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organize | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requires | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 99, 159, 268, 312, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.searched | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxonomy | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thorough | 62, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analyzing | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Utilizing | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Xplore®, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.articles, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.automated | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprised | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concerns, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.databases | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.datasets. | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined, | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examining | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inclusion | 167, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeling. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessity | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-time | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regarding | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilizing | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducting | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilitate | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filtration | 174, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 221, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 2, 22, 47, 67, 158, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented. | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thoroughly | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughout | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 9, 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acquisition | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancement | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agriculture | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categories. | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclusions | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 287, 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frameworks. | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligent | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedures. | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trustworthy | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuously | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 205, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficulties, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigation | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peer-reviewed | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.publications, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2018–2022), | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ScienceDirect, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data-gathering | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodologies, | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recommendations | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterization | 201 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5023369749, https://openalex.org/A5087488274 |
| countries_distinct_count | 6 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 15 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.800000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Clean water and sanitation |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.98650973 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |