Is maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester associated with congenital heart defects? Article Swipe
Athina Samara
,
Conrado Milani Coutinho
,
Paul T. Heath
,
Asma Khalil
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423
Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during early pregnancy and the development of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Although vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is rare, the virus has been associated with placental complications and increased maternal morbidity. Recent studies from China report increased rates of CHD and anomalies such as situs inversus when infection occurs during gestational weeks 4–6, a critical window for cardiac development. Additional reports from different parts of the world also highlight post-pandemic increases in specific cardiac anomalies, including ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Multiple mechanisms may underlie these associations. SARS-CoV-2 can induce placental inflammation, compromise the cytotrophoblast barrier, and impair nutrient and gas exchange, potentially leading to fetal hypoxia and disrupted morphogenic signalling. Furthermore, maternal inflammation and elevated cytokines, along with viral effects on ACE2-expressing fetal cardiac progenitors, could further affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during cardiac development. Co-infections, hormone disruption, and maternal stress could also contribute. There is an urgent need for longitudinal studies with comprehensive maternal-fetal data, including infection timing, vaccine status, and biological sampling. These will be essential to delineate the multifactorial impacts of maternal infection on fetal cardiac development and long-term outcomes. Special focus should be placed on infections during early pregnancy (weeks 4–7), the period of cardiac septation and left-right asymmetry establishment, to determine causality and inform prevention strategies.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Betacoronavirus
Heart defect
Pregnancy
Virology
Pediatrics
Obstetrics
Cardiology
Internal medicine
Heart disease
Outbreak
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Genetics
Disease
Biology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 30
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413297598
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4413297598Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Is maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester associated with congenital heart defects?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Athina Samara, Conrado Milani Coutinho, Paul T. Heath, Asma KhalilList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Betacoronavirus, Heart defect, Pregnancy, Virology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Cardiology, Internal medicine, Heart disease, Outbreak, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Genetics, Disease, BiologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
30Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4413297598 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40901533 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4413297598 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Is maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester associated with congenital heart defects? |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 1643423 |
| biblio.first_page | 1643423 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11987 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2729 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| topics[0].display_name | COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12716 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9930999875068665 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[1].display_name | Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10290 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9891999959945679 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2729 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| topics[2].display_name | Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2950 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2950 |
| apc_paid.value | 2950 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2950 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9072144627571106 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C3007834351 |
| concepts[1].level | 5 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6951664686203003 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[2].level | 4 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6490126848220825 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C3006700255 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.56447833776474 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910 |
| concepts[3].display_name | 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2778137277 |
| concepts[4].level | 5 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.48243579268455505 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Betacoronavirus |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2994486495 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4318675398826599 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939364 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Heart defect |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779234561 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.42630714178085327 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Pregnancy |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.40678006410598755 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C187212893 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.34714043140411377 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Pediatrics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C131872663 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.34174489974975586 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Obstetrics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C164705383 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.32516342401504517 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Cardiology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.26486092805862427 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2780074459 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.2015497386455536 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Heart disease |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C116675565 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.12242993712425232 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Outbreak |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[14].level | 3 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.07959377765655518 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9072144627571106 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6951664686203003 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6490126848220825 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak |
| keywords[3].score | 0.56447833776474 |
| keywords[3].display_name | 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/betacoronavirus |
| keywords[4].score | 0.48243579268455505 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Betacoronavirus |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-defect |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4318675398826599 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Heart defect |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy |
| keywords[6].score | 0.42630714178085327 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Pregnancy |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.40678006410598755 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.34714043140411377 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Pediatrics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/obstetrics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.34174489974975586 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Obstetrics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.32516342401504517 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Cardiology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.26486092805862427 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-disease |
| keywords[12].score | 0.2015497386455536 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Heart disease |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak |
| keywords[13].score | 0.12242993712425232 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Outbreak |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease |
| keywords[14].score | 0.07959377765655518 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2596117549 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2296-2360 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2296-2360 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40901533 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Frontiers in pediatrics |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40901533 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c588bf87ca84d0ea3e0733440ed976b |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 13 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/1c588bf87ca84d0ea3e0733440ed976b |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11210296 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12399646 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068029584 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6931-1972 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Athina Samara |
| authorships[0].countries | NO, SE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1335113835 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I184942183 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | FUTURE, Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I184942183 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xtthb56 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I184942183 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | NO |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Oslo |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/056d84691 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | SE |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Karolinska Institutet |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I1335113835 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00m8d6786 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1335113835 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | SE |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | Karolinska University Hospital |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Athina Samara |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, FUTURE, Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039588892 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-0466 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Conrado Milani Coutinho |
| authorships[1].countries | BR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I17974374, https://openalex.org/I4210156537 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210156537 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04n6fhj26 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I17974374, https://openalex.org/I4210156537 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | BR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I17974374 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/036rp1748 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I17974374 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | BR |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Universidade de São Paulo |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Conrado Milani Coutinho |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016489221 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-7433 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Paul T. Heath |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection & Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/040f08y74 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | St George's, University of London |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Paul T. Heath |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection & Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, City St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028099145 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2802-7670 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Asma Khalil |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I2801196673 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, City St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I113194307 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I113194307 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01bzmq497 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I113194307 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/040f08y74 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I165862685 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | St George's, University of London |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I2801196673 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/039zedc16 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801196673 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].display_name | St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I124357947 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04cw6st05 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].display_name | University of London |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Asma Khalil |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, United Kingdom, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, United Kingdom, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, City St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Is maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester associated with congenital heart defects? |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11987 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2729 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| primary_topic.display_name | COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3176864053, https://openalex.org/W3171943759, https://openalex.org/W4292098121, https://openalex.org/W3154141118, https://openalex.org/W4388896133, https://openalex.org/W3009669391, https://openalex.org/W3036314732, https://openalex.org/W4280491013, https://openalex.org/W3031607536, https://openalex.org/W4205769184 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2596117549 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2296-2360 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2360 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2596117549 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2296-2360 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2360 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423/pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1643423 |
| publication_date | 2025-08-18 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4400608940, https://openalex.org/W3046373756, https://openalex.org/W4221063625, https://openalex.org/W3081982443, https://openalex.org/W4210892057, https://openalex.org/W4404571652, https://openalex.org/W4388120573, https://openalex.org/W4401215785, https://openalex.org/W4397289986, https://openalex.org/W4403620042, https://openalex.org/W4393899902, https://openalex.org/W4404354094, https://openalex.org/W4378801054, https://openalex.org/W4392489257, https://openalex.org/W4400196762, https://openalex.org/W2111834670, https://openalex.org/W4403819200, https://openalex.org/W4206469636, https://openalex.org/W2793434503, https://openalex.org/W2890344556, https://openalex.org/W4281251509, https://openalex.org/W4200265459, https://openalex.org/W4311137624, https://openalex.org/W4292084635, https://openalex.org/W2510028748, https://openalex.org/W4405693525, https://openalex.org/W2531007892, https://openalex.org/W4385840515, https://openalex.org/W2006124071, https://openalex.org/W4225436601 |
| referenced_works_count | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 177, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 21, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 28, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 16, 26, 49, 75, 184, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 131, 187, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 114, 179, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CHD | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 13, 38, 51, 106, 109, 117, 124, 141, 149, 172, 191, 211, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 67, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 30, 76, 103, 181, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 78, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 44, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.link | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 35, 128, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CHD) | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 136, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 11, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fetal | 115, 133, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heart | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parts | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rare, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rates | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situs | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weeks | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.world | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(weeks | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4–6, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Recent | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affect | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 10, 60, 143, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impair | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.induce | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inform | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurs | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.placed | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.report | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.septal | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urgent | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(VSDs). | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4–7), | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Special | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cardiac | 68, 84, 134, 144, 189, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defects | 19, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hormone | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypoxia | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacts | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leading | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reports | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 43, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.timing, | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccine | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Emerging | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Multiple | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrier, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevated | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inversus | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maternal | 7, 40, 122, 150, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutrient | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlie | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vertical | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anomalies | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apoptosis | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.asymmetry | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.causality | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delineate | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disrupted | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exchange, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 86, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 39, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 9, 58, 168, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes. | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.placental | 36, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pregnancy | 12, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sampling. | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.septation | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additional | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 8, 27, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anomalies, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compromise | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.congenital | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytokines, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.left-right | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morbidity. | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offspring. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute. | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 15, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disruption, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gestational | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morphogenic | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signalling. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ventricular | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development. | 69, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammation | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progenitors, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associations. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complications | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammation, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-pandemic | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Co-infections, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establishment, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maternal-fetal | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multifactorial | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proliferation, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ACE2-expressing | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytotrophoblast | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differentiation, | 140 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5028099145 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I113194307, https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I165862685, https://openalex.org/I2801196673 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.42185826 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |