Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations into the Subsurface of the Ice Shell of Ganymede Article Swipe
S. J. Bolton
,
Zhimeng Zhang
,
Shannon Brown
,
S. Levin
,
A. Ermakov
,
Ryunosuke Akiba
,
J. I. Lunine
,
Jianqing Feng
,
K. P. Hand
,
J. T. Keane
,
Sid Misra
,
P. Hartogh
,
D. J. Stevenson
,
M.A. Siegler
,
W. B. McKinnon
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533
During the Juno extended mission, the spacecraft passed Jupiter’s Galilean moon Ganymede. The flyby of Ganymede was in June 2021, at a distance of ~1000 km, providing an opportunity to probe Ganymede’s icy subsurface at multiple microwave frequencies using Juno’s Microwave Radiometer (MWR). The observations provided several swaths across the moons at six frequencies, ranging from 600 MHz to 22 GHz.Early radar results of Jupiter’s icy moons dating back several decades identified the moons as extremely bright objects with significant radar scattering (Ostro et al., 1980). Comparisons of the radar properties of Europa & Ganymede indicated important differences in the radar signatures from each other and our Moon (Ostro et al., 1992). Possible explanations included modulations in porosity (Ostro and Shoemaker, 1990), random facets, larger than the observed wavelengths (Goldstein and Green, 1980), and the idea that the top meters of ice covering their surfaces may be crazed, fissured, and/or filled with jagged ice boulders (Goldstein and Green 1980).The Juno MWR observations represent the first resolved interrogation of Ganymede’s subsurface structure. For icy bodies such as Ganymede and Europa, the MWR observed brightness temperature, TB, is dependent on such ice shell parameters as ice purity, the thermal structure of the icy shell (providing a constraint on the global heat flux) as well as the distribution of internal microwave scattering, thus allowing MWR to provide integral constraints on these shell properties. The MWR observations of Ganymede showed TB generally increases with depth, has a significant reflected synchrotron radiation component at the lowest MWR frequency, 600 MHz, and was well correlated with terrain type. The TB was generally anticorrelated with visible reflectivity (albedo). hermal gradient from deepest channels constrains heat flux (and thickness of conductive ice shell). Analysis of the MWR results at Ganymede provided a new constraint on Ganymede’s heat flux and shell thickness (conductive and total). Using a thermal model based on modified Mixing Length Theory from Kamata et al. (2018) and a Radiative transfer model, the microwave radiation propagation through the ice shell constrains the properties of the subsurface shell including heat flux and thickness of conductive ice shell. The unprecedented MWR measurements of Ganymede, Europa and Io by Juno allow comparative studies of their surfaces and subsurface structures. The Juno MWR measurements complement previous ground-based radar and microwave radiometry observations, which provided early characterization of these surfaces. A comparison of the microwave spectra for all three satellites will be presented, as well as a detailed analysis and interpretation of the Ganymede MWR data that provide new constraints on ice subsurface properties.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533
- OA Status
- gold
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412120588
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4412120588Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations into the Subsurface of the Ice Shell of GanymedeWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
S. J. Bolton, Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, S. Levin, A. Ermakov, Ryunosuke Akiba, J. I. Lunine, Jianqing Feng, K. P. Hand, J. T. Keane, Sid Misra, P. Hartogh, D. J. Stevenson, M.A. Siegler, W. B. McKinnonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Radiometer, Microwave, Microwave radiometer, Shell (structure), Remote sensing, Astrobiology, Environmental science, Geology, Physics, Materials science, Composite material, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4412120588 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4412120588 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations into the Subsurface of the Ice Shell of Ganymede |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10325 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[0].display_name | Astro and Planetary Science |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10406 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9911999702453613 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[1].display_name | Planetary Science and Exploration |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T14214 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9648000001907349 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Space Exploration and Technology |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C120189094 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7743195295333862 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Radiometer |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C44838205 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7441942095756531 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Microwave |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C96960616 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7430212497711182 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Microwave radiometer |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2781052500 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6469385027885437 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Shell (structure) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C62649853 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6341732144355774 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Remote sensing |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C87355193 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.45074138045310974 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Astrobiology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.3882458209991455 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3881887197494507 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.26811477541923523 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.2591005563735962 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7743195295333862 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Radiometer |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7441942095756531 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Microwave |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7430212497711182 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Microwave radiometer |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shell |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6469385027885437 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Shell (structure) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6341732144355774 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Remote sensing |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.45074138045310974 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Astrobiology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.3882458209991455 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3881887197494507 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.26811477541923523 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[9].score | 0.2591005563735962 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Materials science |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079549558 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-0789 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | S. J. Bolton |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Scott Bolton |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101409713 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-4948 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Zhimeng Zhang |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Zhimeng Zhang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032985552 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-8537 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Shannon Brown |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Shannon Brown |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032861206 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-5459 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | S. Levin |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Steve Levin |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052390187 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-7061 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | A. Ermakov |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Anton Ermakov |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017088811 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-3195 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Ryunosuke Akiba |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Ryu Akiba |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030339813 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-4131 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | J. I. Lunine |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Jonathan Lunine |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055457012 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-3569 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Jianqing Feng |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Jianqing Feng |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024517030 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-9426 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | K. P. Hand |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Kevin Hand |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043949808 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-5793 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | J. T. Keane |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | James Keane |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109742385 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Sid Misra |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Sid Misra |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041486575 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-6551 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | P. Hartogh |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Paul Hartogh |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007436013 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-7159 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | D. J. Stevenson |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Dave Stevenson |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012167552 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-3931 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | M.A. Siegler |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Matt Siegler |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070435591 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4131-6568 |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | W. B. McKinnon |
| authorships[14].author_position | last |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | William McKinnon |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations into the Subsurface of the Ice Shell of Ganymede |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10325 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Astro and Planetary Science |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2381259876, https://openalex.org/W2016007472, https://openalex.org/W2360231461, https://openalex.org/W2013323393, https://openalex.org/W2413930784, https://openalex.org/W2140108161, https://openalex.org/W2005776842, https://openalex.org/W2165236048, https://openalex.org/W2388976256, https://openalex.org/W2008186872 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc-dps2025-533 |
| publication_date | 2025-07-09 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 389 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 21, 203, 242, 293, 307, 322, 405 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22 | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Io | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TB | 236, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 74, 175, 192, 210, 212, 402, 404 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 20, 34, 51, 248, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 146, 400 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.et | 83, 109, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 17, 98, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 14, 23, 63, 87, 91, 140, 167, 198, 215, 233, 281, 286, 337, 346, 354, 364, 386, 391, 410 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 187, 205, 226, 296, 311, 419 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 29, 58, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.600 | 56, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MHz | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MWR | 160, 180, 221, 231, 251, 288, 352, 372, 413 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TB, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 12, 43, 230, 262, 350, 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.al. | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 396 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 105, 119, 130, 133, 156, 177, 255, 300, 304, 321, 344, 357, 367, 378, 408 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ice | 141, 153, 189, 193, 283, 332, 348, 420 |
| abstract_inverted_index.icy | 32, 65, 172, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.km, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 294, 417 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 5, 49, 72, 88, 99, 126, 134, 137, 163, 179, 195, 199, 206, 213, 249, 287, 326, 331, 335, 338, 392, 411 |
| abstract_inverted_index.top | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 16, 256, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(and | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.June | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Juno | 2, 159, 360, 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MHz, | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moon | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.al., | 84, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.back | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 414 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flux | 278, 299, 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 55, 102, 273, 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heat | 208, 277, 298, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.idea | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moon | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 174, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 136, 415 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 211, 257, 403 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 399 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 78, 151, 239, 259, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.& | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2021, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Green | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allow | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flux) | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flyby | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moons | 50, 66, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probe | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radar | 61, 80, 89, 100, 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shell | 190, 201, 228, 301, 333, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 143, 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 227, 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 397 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type. | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.~1000 | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2018) | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MWR). | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Ostro | 82, 108, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1980), | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1980). | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1990), | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1992). | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.During | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Europa | 92, 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Green, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Kamata | 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Length | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mixing | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Theory | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and/or | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bodies | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bright | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dating | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filled | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hermal | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jagged | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.larger | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lowest | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meters | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model, | 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.passed | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shell. | 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swaths | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Europa, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crazed, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decades | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deepest | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facets, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objects | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 223, 416 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purity, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 62, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 46, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shell). | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectra | 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terrain | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thermal | 196, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total). | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.visible | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analysis | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Galilean | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ganymede | 15, 94, 176, 234, 291, 412 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Juno’s | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Possible | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allowing | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 407 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boulders | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channels | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.covering | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detailed | 406 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distance | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradient | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integral | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mission, | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 127, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.porosity | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 45, 292, 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolved | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces | 144, 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transfer | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(albedo). | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1980).The | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GHz.Early | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ganymede, | 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ganymede. | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Microwave | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Radiative | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependent | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extremely | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fissured, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generally | 237, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microwave | 36, 217, 327, 379, 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation | 246, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflected | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represent | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces. | 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thickness | 280, 302, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Goldstein | 129, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(providing | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Radiometer | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Shoemaker, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brightness | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complement | 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conductive | 282, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constrains | 276, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraint | 204, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlated | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency, | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented, | 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 90, 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiometry | 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satellites | 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scattering | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signatures | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spacecraft | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsurface | 33, 169, 339, 368, 421 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(conductive | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Comparisons | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Jupiter’s | 8, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparative | 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints | 225, 418 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequencies | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulations | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunity | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propagation | 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties. | 229, 422 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scattering, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 79, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structures. | 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchrotron | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelengths | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ganymede’s | 31, 168, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explanations | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequencies, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground-based | 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 353, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations | 44, 161, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflectivity | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature, | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interrogation | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations, | 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unprecedented | 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anticorrelated | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interpretation | 409 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterization | 385 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 15 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.18222635 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |