Large Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Drained Peatlands in New Zealand, and the Climate Mitigation Potential of Rewetting Article Swipe

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Jordan P. Goodrich , Jack Pronger , David I. Campbell , Georgie L. Glover-Clark , Robbie Price , Justin Wyatt , Hugh A. Robertson , Alice Wheatley-Wilson , Louis A. Schipper ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.19189/001c.147886

Drained peatlands are a substantial contributor to global anthropogenic greenhouse gases despite the relatively small areas they occupy. In New Zealand, drained Organic Soils (former peatlands) under cropland and grazed grasslands disproportionately contribute to emissions, but outdated mapping and limited measurements result in large uncertainties. To progress our understanding of the magnitude of these emissions and potential for mitigation, we compiled existing measurements from New Zealand and default emission factors from the IPCC along with updated soil mapping to develop a comprehensive national assessment. Using the IPCC 2013 Wetland Supplement (WS), Tier 1 default emission factors, total CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 e) drained Organic Soil emissions were 3.86 Mt yr⁻¹, equivalent to 6.5 % of the country’s net emissions. This was similar to the estimate derived from the mean of New Zealand-specific annual CO 2 e emissions (3.61 Mt yr⁻¹). However, there are insufficient measurements from which to develop robust Tier 2 emission factors, and the range of CO 2 e estimates based on existing data (3.06–4.69 Mt yr⁻¹) reinforces the need for more distributed measurements. The estimated CO 2 e contribution to national emissions increased to 6.34 Mt yr⁻¹ (or 11 % of net emissions) when peaty-mineral soils were included in the calculations. Carbon-rich soils with a peaty surface horizon that do not meet the technical definition of Organic Soils are increasingly recognised as a potential source, but we have even less data quantifying their emissions to determine appropriate emission factors. We evaluated the potential for emissions mitigation through rewetting Organic Soils by running scenarios representing different areal rates of annual rewetting over the next ten years using WS default emission factors. Cumulative emissions avoided by rewetting 500–3000 hectares per year from 2026 until 2035 ranged from 0.53 to 1.25 Mt of CO 2 e. Despite the barriers to practical implementation of peatland rewetting in New Zealand, the opportunity for emissions reductions is substantial. Further work is needed to refine emission factors, improve spatial activity data, and develop operational water table management capability to realise the potential in climate mitigation.

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.19189/001c.147886
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.19189/001c.147886

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Title: Large Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Drained Peatlands in New Zealand, and the Climate Mitigation Potential of Rewetting

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-25

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Authors: Jordan P. Goodrich, Jack Pronger, David I. Campbell, Georgie L. Glover-Clark, Robbie Price, Justin Wyatt, Hugh A. Robertson, Alice Wheatley-Wilson, Louis A. Schipper

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.19189/001c.147886

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abstract_inverted_index.estimate	125
abstract_inverted_index.existing	61, 165
abstract_inverted_index.factors,	95, 154, 323
abstract_inverted_index.factors.	242, 273
abstract_inverted_index.hectares	280
abstract_inverted_index.included	201
abstract_inverted_index.national	82, 184
abstract_inverted_index.outdated	36
abstract_inverted_index.peatland	304
abstract_inverted_index.progress	46
abstract_inverted_index.yr⁻¹)	169
abstract_inverted_index.yr⁻¹,	110
abstract_inverted_index.determine	239
abstract_inverted_index.different	258
abstract_inverted_index.emissions	54, 106, 137, 185, 237, 248, 275, 312
abstract_inverted_index.estimated	178
abstract_inverted_index.estimates	162
abstract_inverted_index.evaluated	244
abstract_inverted_index.increased	186
abstract_inverted_index.magnitude	51
abstract_inverted_index.peatlands	1
abstract_inverted_index.potential	56, 227, 246, 338
abstract_inverted_index.practical	301
abstract_inverted_index.rewetting	251, 263, 278, 305
abstract_inverted_index.scenarios	256
abstract_inverted_index.technical	217
abstract_inverted_index.yr⁻¹).	140
abstract_inverted_index.500–3000	279
abstract_inverted_index.Cumulative	274
abstract_inverted_index.Supplement	89
abstract_inverted_index.capability	334
abstract_inverted_index.contribute	32
abstract_inverted_index.definition	218
abstract_inverted_index.emissions)	196
abstract_inverted_index.emissions,	34
abstract_inverted_index.emissions.	119
abstract_inverted_index.equivalent	99, 111
abstract_inverted_index.grasslands	30
abstract_inverted_index.greenhouse	9
abstract_inverted_index.management	333
abstract_inverted_index.mitigation	249
abstract_inverted_index.peatlands)	25
abstract_inverted_index.recognised	224
abstract_inverted_index.reductions	313
abstract_inverted_index.reinforces	170
abstract_inverted_index.relatively	13
abstract_inverted_index.Carbon-rich	205
abstract_inverted_index.appropriate	240
abstract_inverted_index.assessment.	83
abstract_inverted_index.contributor	5
abstract_inverted_index.country’s	117
abstract_inverted_index.distributed	175
abstract_inverted_index.mitigation,	58
abstract_inverted_index.mitigation.	341
abstract_inverted_index.operational	330
abstract_inverted_index.opportunity	310
abstract_inverted_index.quantifying	235
abstract_inverted_index.substantial	4
abstract_inverted_index.(3.06–4.69	167
abstract_inverted_index.contribution	182
abstract_inverted_index.increasingly	223
abstract_inverted_index.insufficient	144
abstract_inverted_index.measurements	40, 62, 145
abstract_inverted_index.representing	257
abstract_inverted_index.substantial.	315
abstract_inverted_index.anthropogenic	8
abstract_inverted_index.calculations.	204
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	81
abstract_inverted_index.measurements.	176
abstract_inverted_index.peaty-mineral	198
abstract_inverted_index.understanding	48
abstract_inverted_index.implementation	302
abstract_inverted_index.uncertainties.	44
abstract_inverted_index.Zealand-specific	132
abstract_inverted_index.disproportionately	31
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	9
citation_normalized_percentile