LC-HRMS Profiling of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis after a Gymnodinium catenatum Bloom Article Swipe
Sandra Lage
,
Pedro Reis Costa
,
Adelino V. M. Canário
,
José P. Da Silva
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110680
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110680
Saxitoxin and its more than 50 analogues are a group of naturally occurring neurotoxins collectively designated as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are toxic to humans and maximum legal limits in seafood have been implemented by regulatory authorities worldwide. In the European Union, monitoring of PSTs is performed using the AOAC Official Method 2005.06, based on liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC- FLD). However, this method has been suggested to not effectively detect the emerging C-11 hydroxyl (M-toxins) and benzoate (GC-toxins) analogues, with these analogues currently not being surveyed in monitoring programs. In this study, a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to search for these emerging PSTs in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated following an intense Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the Tagus estuary (Lisbon, Portugal). Five M-toxins (M1, M2, M6, dcM6, and dcM10), but no GC-toxins, were detected in the mussels’ whole-soft body tissue. Moreover, the classical PSTs (C1 to C4, GTX 4 to GTX6, dcGTX1 to dcGTX4, dcSTX, dcNEO, and STX) were also found and comprised the largest fraction of the PSTs’ profile. The presence of unregulated PSTs in edible mussel samples suggests potential seafood safety risks and urges further research to determine the frequency of these analogues in seafood and their contribution to toxicity.
Related Topics
Concepts
Saxitoxin
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Mytilus
Shellfish
Shellfish poisoning
Biology
Marine toxin
Algal bloom
Toxin
European union
Fishery
Microbiology
Aquatic animal
Ecology
Phytoplankton
Fish <Actinopterygii>
Nutrient
Business
Economic policy
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110680
- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/680/pdf?version=1667987438
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4307946162
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4307946162Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110680Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
LC-HRMS Profiling of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis after a Gymnodinium catenatum BloomWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-10-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Sandra Lage, Pedro Reis Costa, Adelino V. M. Canário, José P. Da SilvaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/md20110680Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/680/pdf?version=1667987438Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/11/680/pdf?version=1667987438Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Saxitoxin, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Mytilus, Shellfish, Shellfish poisoning, Biology, Marine toxin, Algal bloom, Toxin, European union, Fishery, Microbiology, Aquatic animal, Ecology, Phytoplankton, Fish
, Nutrient, Business, Economic policy Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex - Cited by
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6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 3, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
33Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.galloprovincialis, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromatography-high | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5066071024 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71503853 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8600000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life below water |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.68327942 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |