Lessons from a multilaboratorial task force for diagnosis of a fatal toxoplasmosis outbreak in captive primates in Brazil Article Swipe

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Francine Bittencourt Schiffler , Sílvia Bahadian Moreira , Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira , Igor Falco Arruda , Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira , Mirela D’arc , Ingra Morales Claro , Thalita de Abreu Pissinatti , Liliane Cavalcante , Thamiris dos Santos Miranda , Matheus Augusto Calvano Cosentino , Renata Carvalho de Oliveira , Jorlan Fernandes , Matheus Ribeiro da Silva Assis , Jonathan Gonçalves‐Oliveira , Thayssa Alves Coelho , Rafael Mello Galliez , Débora S. Faffe , Jaqueline Góes de Jesus , Marise Sobreira Bezerra da Silva , Matheus Filgueira Bezerra , Orlando da Costa Ferreira , Amílcar Tanuri , Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto Castiñeiras , Renato Santana Aguiar , Nuno R. Faria , Alzira Paiva de Almeida , Alcides Pissinatti , Éster Cerdeira Sabino , Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira , Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos , Daniel G. Ubiali , André F. Santos ·

YOU? · · 2023 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559677

As exemplified by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infectious diseases may emerge and spread rapidly, often causing serious economic losses and public health concerns. In fact, disease outbreaks have become increasingly common, especially those of zoonotic origin. The Brazilian Ministry of Health is responsible for national epizootic surveillance. However, the system’s focus primarily on diseases affecting humans has led to the neglect of other zoonotic diseases. In this report, we present an integrated investigation of an outbreak that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among captive neotropical primates housed at a primatology center in Brazil. After presenting a range of non-specific clinical signs, including fever, prostration, inappetence, and abdominal pain, ten primates from five different species died within approximately four days. Despite the state of health emergency due to the pandemic, a network of volunteer researchers was established to investigate the outbreak. A wide range of high-resolution techniques was used for different pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 (RTq-PCR, ELISA and IHC), Toxoplasma gondii (IHC and IFA) and Escherichia coli (IFA), as well as a portable Metagenomic Sequencing utilizing Nanopore Technology. Within a span of four days after necropsies, we successfully identified T. gondii as the causative agent of this outbreak. This case highlights some of the obstacles faced with the current Brazilian surveillance system, which is still limited. A cross-platform interdisciplinary investigation could be a possible model for future epizootic investigations in non-human animals. Author summary The Brazilian epizootic surveillance system, under the regulation of the Ministry of Health, has been established to address a national list of compulsory notifiable diseases. However, focusing mainly on the risks to humans causes other zoonoses to be neglected. Here we present an outbreak that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic that affected eleven neotropical primates (NP) belonging to six different species. Within four days of exhibiting a range of non-specific clinical signs, including fever, prostration, inappetence, and abdominal pain, ten NPs died. Despite testing negative for pathogens included in the national surveillance policy, a collaborative group of researchers investigated the outbreak in detail. Using integrated diagnostic techniques, we identified Toxoplasma gondii as the causative agent four days after necropsy. Toxoplasmosis causes devastating acute death outbreaks in neotropical primates and is currently absent in the national guidelines. This unified effort proved the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary collaborative surveillance network in facilitating precise diagnoses.

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Infectious Diseases (Medical Specialty)

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Outbreak Epizootic Pandemic Disease Toxoplasma gondii Public health Virology Infectious disease (medical specialty) Medicine Environmental health Biology Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Immunology Pathology Antibody

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559677
PDF: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/27/2023.09.27.559677.full.pdf
OA Status: green
Cited By: 1
References: 64
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4387139473

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559677

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Title: Lessons from a multilaboratorial task force for diagnosis of a fatal toxoplasmosis outbreak in captive primates in Brazil

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2023

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Publication date: 2023-09-27

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Authors: Francine Bittencourt Schiffler, Sílvia Bahadian Moreira, Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira, Igor Falco Arruda, Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira, Mirela D’arc, Ingra Morales Claro, Thalita de Abreu Pissinatti, Liliane Cavalcante, Thamiris dos Santos Miranda, Matheus Augusto Calvano Cosentino, Renata Carvalho de Oliveira, Jorlan Fernandes, Matheus Ribeiro da Silva Assis, Jonathan Gonçalves‐Oliveira, Thayssa Alves Coelho, Rafael Mello Galliez, Débora S. Faffe, Jaqueline Góes de Jesus, Marise Sobreira Bezerra da Silva, Matheus Filgueira Bezerra, Orlando da Costa Ferreira, Amílcar Tanuri, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto Castiñeiras, Renato Santana Aguiar, Nuno R. Faria, Alzira Paiva de Almeida, Alcides Pissinatti, Éster Cerdeira Sabino, Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira, Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos, Daniel G. Ubiali, André F. Santos

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559677

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PDF URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/27/2023.09.27.559677.full.pdf

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Concepts: Outbreak, Epizootic, Pandemic, Disease, Toxoplasma gondii, Public health, Virology, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Medicine, Environmental health, Biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Immunology, Pathology, Antibody

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citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False