Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies: A Comparative Study Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040
This study offers a thorough comparative analysis of the life cycle assessment of three significant energy storage technologies—Lithium-Ion Batteries, Flow Batteries, and Pumped Hydro—evaluating their environmental, economic, and social aspects in a complete manner. When considering the environmental effect, it is evident that Lithium-Ion Batteries surpass Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro in terms of carbon footprint, water use, and land utilization. Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro exhibit significant decreases, ranging from 40% to 60%, showcasing their potential as ecologically sound alternatives with heightened sustainability advantages. From an economic standpoint, it can be confidently said that Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro surpass Lithium-Ion Batteries in terms of both capital and operational expenses, resulting in a decreased Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS). The examination of percentage change showcases significant decreases, ranging from 20% to 50%, underscoring the economic competitiveness of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro. Regarding societal consequences, Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro exhibit a propensity for heightened job production, augmented community acceptability, and enhanced health and safety records in contrast to Lithium-Ion Batteries. The assessments of percentage change further underscore the societal benefits of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro, demonstrating a substantial increase of 40% to 100% in job creation, a notable rise of 6.25% to 12.5% in community acceptability, and a significant decrease of 50% to 75% in health and safety problems. These results jointly emphasize the comprehensive benefits of Flow Batteries and Pumped Hydro, indicating their potential as sustainable, cost-effective, and socially responsible energy storage options. Given the ongoing evolution of the energy landscape, the findings obtained from this research greatly enhance the ability of stakeholders and policymakers to make well-informed decisions in their efforts to design a more environmentally friendly and robust energy future. The study emphasizes the significance of taking into account not only the technological efficacy, but also the wider environmental, economic, and social circumstances when implementing energy storage technology.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040
- https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdf
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 35
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4394697210
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4394697210Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies: A Comparative StudyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Darya Nemova, Davu Srinivasa Rao, Vijay Anand Dubey, Rajendra Prasad, Amit Kumar, Danish Kundra, Rizwan Hasan KhanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Computer science, Environmental scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
35Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4394697210 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4394697210 |
| fwci | 1.59716538 |
| type | article |
| title | Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies: A Comparative Study |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 511 |
| biblio.last_page | 01040 |
| biblio.first_page | 01040 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10663 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9951000213623047 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2203 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Automotive Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Battery Technologies Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10768 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9811000227928162 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11007 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[2].score | 0.978600025177002 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2102 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Energy Engineering and Power Technology |
| topics[2].display_name | Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.3841174840927124 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.33539867401123047 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.3841174840927124 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.33539867401123047 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Environmental science |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210186093 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2267-1242, 2555-0403 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2267-1242 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a142b247b8ea465da03ab5b5da79a706 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 511, p 01040 (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/a142b247b8ea465da03ab5b5da79a706 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400744 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I8488066 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Chiba Institute of Technology |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I8488066 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027608895 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-4566 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Darya Nemova |
| authorships[0].countries | IN, RU |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I212220629 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I110360157 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I110360157 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00et6q107 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110360157 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Lovely Professional University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I212220629 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02x91aj62 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I212220629 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | RU |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Darya Viktorovna Nemova |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088816051 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Davu Srinivasa Rao |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of EEE, GRIET, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Davu Srinivasa Rao |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of EEE, GRIET, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5093710564 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Vijay Anand Dubey |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Business, Sushant University, Gurugram, India |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Vijay Anand Dubey |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Business, Sushant University, Gurugram, India |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5089143749 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-001X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Rajendra Prasad |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University, Dehradun 248007, India |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Rajendra Prasad |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | University, Dehradun 248007, India |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062156010 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-9436 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Amit Kumar |
| authorships[4].countries | IN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, Punjab, India |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/057d6z539 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Chitkara University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Amit Kumar |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, Punjab, India |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009323587 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Danish Kundra |
| authorships[5].countries | IN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103 India |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/057d6z539 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Chitkara University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Danish Kundra |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103 India |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5038188486 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-8982 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Rizwan Hasan Khan |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil Engineering Invertis University Bareilly |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Rizwan Khan |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil Engineering Invertis University Bareilly |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2024-04-11T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies: A Comparative Study |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10663 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9951000213623047 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2203 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Automotive Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Battery Technologies Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2001405890, https://openalex.org/W2382290278, https://openalex.org/W4391913857, https://openalex.org/W2350741829, https://openalex.org/W2530322880 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210186093 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2267-1242, 2555-0403 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2267-1242 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210186093 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2267-1242, 2555-0403 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2267-1242 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | EDP Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319748 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/41/e3sconf_amgse2024_01040.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | E3S Web of Conferences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101040 |
| publication_date | 2024-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4283729517, https://openalex.org/W4284878674, https://openalex.org/W4280575443, https://openalex.org/W4281685264, https://openalex.org/W4282549597, https://openalex.org/W4387403178, https://openalex.org/W4387413839, https://openalex.org/W4387413789, https://openalex.org/W4387203596, https://openalex.org/W4387203673, https://openalex.org/W4387729933, https://openalex.org/W3034237388, https://openalex.org/W4383163699, https://openalex.org/W4367553642, https://openalex.org/W4384817801, https://openalex.org/W4321768652, https://openalex.org/W4385689300, https://openalex.org/W4226087048, https://openalex.org/W4379645038, https://openalex.org/W4225859699, https://openalex.org/W4389670388, https://openalex.org/W4320738427, https://openalex.org/W4321850972, https://openalex.org/W4308499730, https://openalex.org/W4221088044, https://openalex.org/W4387802349, https://openalex.org/W4225145401, https://openalex.org/W3207009428, https://openalex.org/W3203580498, https://openalex.org/W4296213170, https://openalex.org/W4379740495, https://openalex.org/W4319162223, https://openalex.org/W4311147038, https://openalex.org/W4390100283, https://openalex.org/W2761330267 |
| referenced_works_count | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 31, 113, 152, 189, 199, 210, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 77, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 51, 103, 112, 167, 196, 206, 217, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 39, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 12, 53, 105, 117, 122, 137, 174, 182, 192, 202, 213, 229, 251, 265, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 72, 131, 169, 194, 204, 215, 269, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20% | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.40% | 71, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50% | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.75% | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 120, 172, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 21, 27, 48, 58, 63, 97, 108, 140, 148, 161, 164, 185, 209, 219, 232, 241, 267, 282, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.job | 156, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 36, 134, 179, 226, 248, 252, 255, 263, 289, 297, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100% | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50%, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60%, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cost | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Flow | 19, 46, 61, 95, 138, 146, 183, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.From | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 70, 129, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rise | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.said | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 42, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use, | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12.5% | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6.25% | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Given | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hydro | 50, 65, 99, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cycle | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sound | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 52, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 24, 75, 236, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wider | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hydro, | 187, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hydro. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pumped | 22, 49, 64, 98, 141, 149, 186, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbon | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 124, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 15, 244, 253, 284, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 163, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offers | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.robust | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 165, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.social | 28, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taking | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LCOS). | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Storage | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.account | 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capital | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evident | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibit | 66, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future. | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greatly | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jointly | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manner. | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.notable | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ongoing | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 69, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.records | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.storage | 16, 245, 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surpass | 45, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits | 181, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complete | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrease | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 87, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.friendly | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.options. | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.socially | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.societal | 144, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thorough | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Batteries | 44, 47, 62, 96, 102, 139, 147, 184, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Levelized | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Regarding | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.augmented | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community | 159, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creation, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decisions | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic, | 26, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy, | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasize | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expenses, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 76, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showcases | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Batteries, | 18, 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Batteries. | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases, | 68, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasizes | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.footprint, | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heightened | 82, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.landscape, | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentage | 123, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propensity | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showcasing | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscore | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lithium-Ion | 43, 101, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessments | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparative | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidently | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considering | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examination | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operational | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responsible | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 14, 67, 126, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standpoint, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology. | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternatives | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecologically | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementing | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.policymakers | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significance | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable, | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscoring | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilization. | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circumstances | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequences, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technological | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-informed | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acceptability, | 160, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental, | 25, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainability | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.competitiveness | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost-effective, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmentally | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hydro—evaluating | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies—Lithium-Ion | 17 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.550000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Responsible consumption and production |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.76615989 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |