Life in fluctuating environments Article Swipe
Joey R. Bernhardt
,
Mary I. O’Connor
,
Jennifer M. Sunday
,
Andrew Gonzalez
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454
Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to detect, exploit and predict the changing environment. These traits allow organisms to maintain steady internal conditions required for physiological functioning through feedback mechanisms that allow internal conditions to remain at or near a set-point despite a fluctuating environment. In addition to feedback, many organisms have evolved feedforward processes, which allow them to adjust in anticipation of an expected future state of the environment. Here we provide a framework describing how feedback and feedforward mechanisms operating within organisms can generate effects across scales of organization, and how they allow living systems to persist in fluctuating environments. Daily, seasonal and multi-year cycles provide cues that organisms use to anticipate changes in physiologically relevant environmental conditions. Using feedforward mechanisms, organisms can exploit correlations in environmental variables to prepare for anticipated future changes. Strategies to obtain, store and act on information about the conditional nature of future events are advantageous and are evidenced in widespread phenotypes such as circadian clocks, social behaviour, diapause and migrations. Humans are altering the ways in which the environment fluctuates, causing correlations between environmental variables to become decoupled, decreasing the reliability of cues. Human-induced environmental change is also altering sensory environments and the ability of organisms to detect cues. Recognizing that living systems combine feedback and feedforward processes is essential to understanding their responses to current and future regimes of environmental fluctuations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.
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Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454
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- Cited By
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- References
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- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
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https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Life in fluctuating environmentsWork title
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reviewOpenAlex work type
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2020Year of publication
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2020-11-02Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Joey R. Bernhardt, Mary I. O’Connor, Jennifer M. Sunday, Andrew GonzalezList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454Publisher landing page
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https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454Direct OA link when available
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Environmental scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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166Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 44, 2024: 43, 2023: 30, 2022: 28, 2021: 19Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454 |
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| primary_location.raw_source_name | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0454 |
| publication_date | 2020-11-02 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
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