Long-term immunological consequences of anti-CD20 therapies on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: an observational study Article Swipe
Tobias Moser
,
Ciara K. O’Sullivan
,
Ferdinand Otto
,
Wolfgang Hitzl
,
Georg Pilz
,
Kerstin Schwenker
,
Cornelia Mrazek
,
Elisabeth Haschke‐Becher
,
Eugen Trinka
,
Peter Wipfler
,
Andrea Harrer
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221092092
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221092092
Background: Anti-CD20 therapies induce pronounced B-cell depletion and blunt humoral responses to vaccines. Recovery kinetics of anti-CD20 therapy-mediated cellular and humoral effects in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are poorly defined. Objective: To investigate the duration of the anti-CD20 treatment-induced effects on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: This retrospective observational study included pwMS who had discontinued anti-CD20 therapy for ⩾12 months and remained without immunomodulation. We retrieved demographics and laboratory parameters including B-cell counts and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels prior to anti-CD20 commencement (baseline) and longitudinally after anti-CD20 treatment discontinuation from electronic medical records. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were compared with a population of 11 pwMS with ongoing anti-CD20 medication (control cohort). Results: A total of 24 pwMS had discontinued anti-CD20 therapy for a median of 34 months (range: 16–38 months). Antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines were available in 17 (71%). Most individuals ( n = 15, 88%) elicited a measurable antibody response [mean: 774 BAU/ml (±SD 1283 BAU/ml)] to SARS-CoV-2 immunization on average 22 months (range: 10–30 months) from the last anti-CD20 infusion, which was higher compared with the population with ongoing anti-CD20 therapy ( n = 11, mean: 12.36 ± SD 11.94 BAU/ml; p < 0.00001). Significantly increased antibody levels compared with the control cohort were found among pwMS who were vaccinated >18 months after treatment discontinuation (19–24 months: n = 2, p = 0.013; 25–36 months: n = 9; p < 0.001). The interindividual kinetics for B-cell reconstitution were heterogeneous and mean B-cell counts approached normal ranges 18 months after treatment discontinuation. There was no correlation of B-cell repopulation and vaccine responses. Mean total IgG, IgM, and IgA levels remained within the reference range. Conclusion: Anti-CD20-induced inhibition of humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines is transient and antibody production was more pronounced >18 months after anti-CD20 treatment discontinuation. The immunological effect on B-cell counts appears to wane by the same time.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Multiple sclerosis
Observational study
Immunology
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Virology
Disease
Pathology
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Outbreak
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221092092
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17562864221092092
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 12
- References
- 27
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4226126507
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4226126507Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221092092Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Long-term immunological consequences of anti-CD20 therapies on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: an observational studyWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tobias Moser, Ciara K. O’Sullivan, Ferdinand Otto, Wolfgang Hitzl, Georg Pilz, Kerstin Schwenker, Cornelia Mrazek, Elisabeth Haschke‐Becher, Eugen Trinka, Peter Wipfler, Andrea HarrerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864221092092Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17562864221092092Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/17562864221092092Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Medicine, Multiple sclerosis, Observational study, Immunology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Virology, Disease, Pathology, Infectious disease (medical specialty), OutbreakTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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12Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 5, 2024: 2, 2023: 4, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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27Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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