Long-term survival after invasive pneumococcal disease – a matched cohort study using electronic health records in England Article Swipe
Anne M Suffel
,
Fariyo Abdullahi
,
Erica F. Barry
,
Jemma Walker
,
Nick Andrews
,
Zahin Amin‐Chowdhury
,
Shamez Ladhani
,
Daniel Grint
,
Helen McDonald
,
Ian Douglas
,
Kathryn E. Mansfield
,
Edward P K Parker
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460
Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is associated with increased long-term mortality, but it is unclear if this can be explained by pre-existing comorbidities that predispose individuals to pneumococcal infection. Methods We conducted a matched cohort study comparing long-term survival (beyond 120 days after infection) in individuals with IPD and comparators without IPD. Cases were individuals in England aged ≥65+ years with laboratory-confirmed IPD (2012–2019) identified through enhanced national surveillance. Comparators matched on age, sex, and calendar date were drawn from primary care electronic health records in Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. We used Cox regression (stratified by matched set) to compare mortality in people with and without IPD, adjusting for relevant comorbidities, deprivation, and ethnicity. Results We included 13,401 IPD cases and 67,005 comparators. After adjusting for comorbidities, deprivation, and ethnicity, we found increased all-cause mortality in IPD cases compared to comparators (hazard ratio 3.74, 95% CI: 3.50–3.99). The predicted median survival from adjusted models was 4.7 years (IQR: 2.9-7.4) for IPD cases and >11.9 (IQR : 8.7->11.9) for comparators. This increased mortality was consistent across subgroups defined by age, vaccination history, and comorbidity status (including diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic heart disease). Conclusions IPD was associated with increased mortality at least 5 years after infection. These findings demonstrate the long-term consequences of IPD, emphasising the value of IPD prevention and the need for more research into clinical management of IPD survivors. Long-term mortality should be incorporated in cost–effectiveness analyses for pneumococcal vaccines. Article summary Compared to people without infection, people who survived invasive pneumococcal disease in England had a 3.7-fold increase in mortality up to 10 years after infection. This increased mortality remained after accounting for age, sex, underlying comorbidities, deprivation, and ethnicity.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460
- OA Status
- green
- References
- 28
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407073955
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4407073955Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Long-term survival after invasive pneumococcal disease – a matched cohort study using electronic health records in EnglandWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-02-02Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Anne M Suffel, Fariyo Abdullahi, Erica F. Barry, Jemma Walker, Nick Andrews, Zahin Amin‐Chowdhury, Shamez Ladhani, Daniel Grint, Helen McDonald, Ian Douglas, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Edward P K ParkerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pneumococcal disease, Cohort, Medicine, Health records, Term (time), Electronic health record, Cohort study, Disease, Retrospective cohort study, Environmental health, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Internal medicine, Health care, Political science, Biology, Bacteria, Law, Quantum mechanics, Physics, GeneticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
28Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4407073955 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4407073955 |
| fwci | |
| type | preprint |
| title | Long-term survival after invasive pneumococcal disease – a matched cohort study using electronic health records in England |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10654 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.972100019454956 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[0].display_name | Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T14400 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/36 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Health Professions |
| topics[1].score | 0.9253000020980835 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3605 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Health Information Management |
| topics[1].display_name | Medical Coding and Health Information |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12246 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9236000180244446 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| topics[2].display_name | Chronic Disease Management Strategies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C3020803494 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.817764401435852 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712836 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pneumococcal disease |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C72563966 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6058958172798157 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Cohort |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6000279188156128 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C3019952477 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5637598037719727 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Health records |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C61797465 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5255578756332397 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Term (time) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C3020144179 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5101383328437805 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Electronic health record |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C201903717 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.49417760968208313 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Cohort study |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4399257004261017 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C167135981 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.41518110036849976 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Retrospective cohort study |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3254072964191437 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2781253189 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.23074331879615784 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221179 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.22962528467178345 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C160735492 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.17748236656188965 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Health care |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.16331002116203308 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.08607512712478638 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C523546767 |
| concepts[15].level | 2 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Bacteria |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Law |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-disease |
| keywords[0].score | 0.817764401435852 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pneumococcal disease |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6058958172798157 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Cohort |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6000279188156128 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5637598037719727 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Health records |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/term |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5255578756332397 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Term (time) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5101383328437805 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Electronic health record |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort-study |
| keywords[6].score | 0.49417760968208313 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Cohort study |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4399257004261017 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/retrospective-cohort-study |
| keywords[8].score | 0.41518110036849976 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Retrospective cohort study |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3254072964191437 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-pneumoniae |
| keywords[10].score | 0.23074331879615784 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.22962528467178345 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care |
| keywords[12].score | 0.17748236656188965 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Health care |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science |
| keywords[13].score | 0.16331002116203308 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Political science |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[14].score | 0.08607512712478638 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Biology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062671962 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-0487 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Anne M Suffel |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Anne M Suffel |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111339081 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Fariyo Abdullahi |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Fariyo Abdullahi |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112429515 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Erica F. Barry |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Eleaony Barry |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056069203 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-9509 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jemma Walker |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jemma Walker |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072485453 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2069-2684 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Nick Andrews |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Nick Andrews |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063218764 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-992X |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Zahin Amin‐Chowdhury |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Zahin Amin-Chowdhury |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046888535 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-2476 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Shamez Ladhani |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Shamez Ladhani |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004101406 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-6544 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Daniel Grint |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Daniel J Grint |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031096918 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-2015 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Helen McDonald |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Helen I McDonald |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069614553 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-1406 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Ian Douglas |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Ian J Douglas |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046973495 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-410X |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Kathryn E. Mansfield |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Kathryn Mansfield |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5045586161 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-109X |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Edward P K Parker |
| authorships[11].author_position | last |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Edward Parker |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Long-term survival after invasive pneumococcal disease – a matched cohort study using electronic health records in England |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10654 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.972100019454956 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2713 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Epidemiology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W187932805, https://openalex.org/W2909369938, https://openalex.org/W4392490004, https://openalex.org/W1641026212, https://openalex.org/W4402738807, https://openalex.org/W2911982698, https://openalex.org/W2323588885, https://openalex.org/W3047677938, https://openalex.org/W2087134418, https://openalex.org/W2078646730 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.31.25321460 |
| publication_date | 2025-02-02 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2138554949, https://openalex.org/W2148619574, https://openalex.org/W2155854922, https://openalex.org/W2578088237, https://openalex.org/W2591839547, https://openalex.org/W4286110547, https://openalex.org/W2012030177, https://openalex.org/W2783538607, https://openalex.org/W2119250249, https://openalex.org/W4397033220, https://openalex.org/W4304822982, https://openalex.org/W4391880470, https://openalex.org/W3034222811, https://openalex.org/W2119852447, https://openalex.org/W2069381373, https://openalex.org/W2943601082, https://openalex.org/W2144437696, https://openalex.org/W4323037359, https://openalex.org/W2766813857, https://openalex.org/W3169060350, https://openalex.org/W2977606681, https://openalex.org/W2098572294, https://openalex.org/W2108485082, https://openalex.org/W2149177924, https://openalex.org/W2158860487, https://openalex.org/W2027567562, https://openalex.org/W4392230221, https://openalex.org/W1970692320 |
| referenced_works_count | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.: | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 33, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10 | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 31, 92, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 19, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 21, 97, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.if | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 45, 56, 86, 103, 137, 239, 258, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 214, 219, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 27, 100, 141, 248, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.120 | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.7 | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.95% | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CI: | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cox | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IPD | 48, 63, 120, 138, 162, 196, 220, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 49, 75, 106, 114, 122, 130, 164, 183, 191, 222, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 110, 127, 161, 169, 225, 242, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 211, 217, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 156, 174, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IQR | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IPD, | 108, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IPD. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 171, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age, | 73, 180, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.date | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 80, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set) | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sex, | 74, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 54, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 8, 47, 61, 105, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IPD) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IQR: | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.74, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cases | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GOLD. | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 43, 206, 270, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases | 121, 139, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drawn | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heart | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 60, 158, 205, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.13,401 | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.67,005 | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cohort | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.median | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 104, 249, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≥65+ | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(beyond | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(hazard | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Article | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.England | 57, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chronic | 188, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 4, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matched | 34, 71, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.records | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summary | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 51, 107, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.>11.9 | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.9-7.4) | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.7-fold | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Clinical | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Datalink | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Invasive | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Practice | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Research | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjusted | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calendar | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease, | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.history, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invasive | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.national | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remained | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival | 39, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survived | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Long-term | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjusting | 109, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all-cause | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparing | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diabetes, | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease). | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explained | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 9, 134, 172, 200, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 10, 38, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mortality | 102, 136, 173, 201, 235, 265, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predicted | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subgroups | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccines. | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(including | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accounting | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 7, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistent | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electronic | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ethnicity, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ethnicity. | 115, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection) | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection, | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 29, 207, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mortality, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predispose | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regression | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survivors. | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(stratified | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Comparators | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comorbidity | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparators | 50, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasising | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 26, 46, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vaccination | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparators. | 124, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequences | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deprivation, | 113, 129, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporated | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pneumococcal | 3, 28, 243, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre-existing | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2012–2019) | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.50–3.99). | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.8.7->11.9) | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comorbidities | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surveillance. | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comorbidities, | 112, 128, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost–effectiveness | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory-confirmed | 62 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 12 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.04939341 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |