Long-Term Trends in Human Parainfluenza Virus Types 1, 2, and 3 Infection in Korea (2007–2024) Article Swipe
Jian-Bao Han
,
Jae‐Sik Jeon
,
Sung Hun Jang
,
Jae Kyung Kim
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159
This study investigated the long-term trends in human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2, and 3 in Korea by year, age group, and season. A total of 23,284 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with respiratory symptoms at a tertiary hospital in Korea between 2007 and 2024 were tested for HPIV using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the 23,284 specimens tested, 481 were positive for HPIV-1, 164 for HPIV-2, and 1102 for HPIV-3. HPIV-3 showed the highest incidence between 2010 and 2016, a decline after 2018, a sharp decline during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and a resurgence in 2021. HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 incidence fluctuated between 2007 and 2019, followed by a sharp decline in 2020. HPIV-3 activity peaked in spring and summer, whereas HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 peaked in autumn. For all three types, infection rates were generally highest among children aged 1–12 years, followed by those in infants, but infection rates varied significantly by type, year, season, and age group. These findings emphasize targeted pediatric prevention, predictive modeling of seasonal peaks, and continued molecular surveillance to clarify the genetic and antigenic diversity of HPIV types after the pandemic, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3 for Good Health and Well-Being).
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 27
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4416199036
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4416199036Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Long-Term Trends in Human Parainfluenza Virus Types 1, 2, and 3 Infection in Korea (2007–2024)Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-11-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jian-Bao Han, Jae‐Sik Jeon, Sung Hun Jang, Jae Kyung KimList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
27Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4416199036 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41305396 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4416199036 |
| fwci | |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D056910 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Republic of Korea |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D002675 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Child, Preschool |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D002648 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Child |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D007223 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Infant |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D010224 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D010224 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D012621 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Seasons |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D010222 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D010222 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D010223 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D010223 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D015994 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Incidence |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D010253 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Respirovirus Infections |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D010253 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Respirovirus Infections |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D000368 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Aged |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D007231 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Infant, Newborn |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D009305 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Nasopharynx |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D056910 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Republic of Korea |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D002675 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Child, Preschool |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D002648 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Child |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D007223 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Infant |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D010224 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D010224 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D012621 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Seasons |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D010222 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D010222 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human |
| mesh[39].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[39].descriptor_ui | D010223 |
| mesh[39].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[39].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[39].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human |
| mesh[40].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[40].descriptor_ui | D010223 |
| mesh[40].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[40].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[40].descriptor_name | Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human |
| mesh[41].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[41].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[41].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[41].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[41].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[42].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[42].descriptor_ui | D015994 |
| mesh[42].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[42].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[42].descriptor_name | Incidence |
| mesh[43].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[43].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[43].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[43].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[43].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[44].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[44].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[44].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[44].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[44].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| mesh[45].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[45].descriptor_ui | D010253 |
| mesh[45].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[45].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[45].descriptor_name | Respirovirus Infections |
| mesh[46].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[46].descriptor_ui | D010253 |
| mesh[46].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[46].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[46].descriptor_name | Respirovirus Infections |
| mesh[47].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[47].descriptor_ui | D000368 |
| mesh[47].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[47].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[47].descriptor_name | Aged |
| mesh[48].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[48].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[48].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[48].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[48].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[49].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[49].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[49].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[49].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[49].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| type | article |
| title | Long-Term Trends in Human Parainfluenza Virus Types 1, 2, and 3 Infection in Korea (2007–2024) |
| biblio.issue | 11 |
| biblio.volume | 14 |
| biblio.last_page | 1159 |
| biblio.first_page | 1159 |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210239906 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2076-0817 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2076-0817 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Pathogens |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Pathogens |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:41305396 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41305396 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c76f761f588425baa7c5a4d4b74afd6 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Pathogens, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 1159 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/9c76f761f588425baa7c5a4d4b74afd6 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108126814 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7003-8422 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jian-Bao Han |
| authorships[0].countries | KR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/058pdbn81 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Dankook University |
| authorships[0].author_position | middle |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jeong Su Han |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5008163962 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-5705 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jae‐Sik Jeon |
| authorships[1].countries | KR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/058pdbn81 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Dankook University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jae-Sik Jeon |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083822170 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0934-8445 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Sung Hun Jang |
| authorships[2].countries | KR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/058pdbn81 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Dankook University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Sung Hun Jang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000491897 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-563X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Jae Kyung Kim |
| authorships[3].countries | KR |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/058pdbn81 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Dankook University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jae Kyung Kim |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-11-14T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Long-Term Trends in Human Parainfluenza Virus Types 1, 2, and 3 Infection in Korea (2007–2024) |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-28T23:14:17.795251 |
| primary_topic | |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210239906 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2076-0817 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2076-0817 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Pathogens |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Pathogens |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210239906 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2076-0817 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2076-0817 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Pathogens |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Pathogens |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111159 |
| publication_date | 2025-11-14 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2493630649, https://openalex.org/W2998961876, https://openalex.org/W3185675133, https://openalex.org/W3043656646, https://openalex.org/W2518163885, https://openalex.org/W1986557750, https://openalex.org/W2322654587, https://openalex.org/W3174003681, https://openalex.org/W4407965594, https://openalex.org/W2144516190, https://openalex.org/W4412564193, https://openalex.org/W3182267765, https://openalex.org/W4406535989, https://openalex.org/W4311502135, https://openalex.org/W4405896425, https://openalex.org/W3162893114, https://openalex.org/W4391602666, https://openalex.org/W4293217024, https://openalex.org/W2170448908, https://openalex.org/W2005019213, https://openalex.org/W4408148646, https://openalex.org/W4211221339, https://openalex.org/W3151701246, https://openalex.org/W2979712475, https://openalex.org/W3047114499, https://openalex.org/W1980303556, https://openalex.org/W4313455002 |
| referenced_works_count | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 15, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 37, 82, 86, 95, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Of | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 18, 109, 144, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 6, 16, 40, 97, 113, 118, 127, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 26, 168, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.164 | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.481 | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age | 20, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 22, 44, 69, 80, 94, 100, 106, 120, 124, 157, 171, 179, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 48, 64, 67, 71, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 57, 75, 90, 177, 186, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SDG | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1102 | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2007 | 43, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2010 | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020 | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2024 | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Good | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV | 49, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 46, 62, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2016, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2018, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2019, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020. | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2021. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Goals | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Korea | 17, 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 84, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chain | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rates | 134, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sharp | 87, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swabs | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 11, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.year, | 19, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HPIV) | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1–12 | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.23,284 | 27, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-1 | 99, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-2 | 101, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-3 | 73, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Health | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peaked | 117, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peaks, | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spring | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varied | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-1, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-2, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HPIV-3. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autumn. | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 42, 78, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clarify | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decline | 83, 88, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genetic | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 76, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.season, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.season. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summer, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereas | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19 | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 108, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hospital | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infants, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeling | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positive | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seasonal | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeted | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tertiary | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigenic | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continued | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasize | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generally | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incidence | 77, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 133, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecular | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pandemic, | 93, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pediatric | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-time | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specimens | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluctuated | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymerase | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictive | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resurgence | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Development | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sustainable | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Well-Being). | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surveillance | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parainfluenza | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasopharyngeal | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reverse-transcription | 52 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5000491897 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I89015989 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |