Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in Switzerland Article Swipe
Helen Wyler
,
Moritz van Wijnkoop
,
Alexander Smith
,
Wolfgang Retz
,
Michael Liebrenz
,
Anna Buadze
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4106187/v1
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4106187/v1
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent amongst offenders, increasing risks for aggressive and delinquent behaviours. Since ADHD and its symptoms can persist into adulthood, accurately diagnosing and maintaining diagnoses in offenders is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce recidivism. Methods: This study employed a retrospective longitudinal design to investigate ADHD amongst adult offenders at a Swiss forensic outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2021. N = 181 patient files were reviewed, including forensic expert witness assessments and treatment reports. We charted the adulthood trajectory of patients with a confirmed childhood/adolescence ADHD diagnosis, examining the course of their diagnoses. Results are reported using descriptive statistics and graphical representations. Results: Of 181 patients, evidence indicated that 12 (7%) had an ADHD diagnosis in childhood/adolescence. In 1 (8%) of these 12 cases, the diagnosis was maintained throughout the observation period. For 4 patients (33%), a diagnosis was given in the first forensic psychiatric expert witness assessment in adulthood but subsequently dropped. In another 4 cases (33%), the diagnosis was dropped in adulthood but later re-assigned, whereas in 3 cases (25%), the diagnosis was discontinued throughout the observation period. In 50% of cases with a diagnostic change, the discontinuation of an adult ADHD diagnosis coincided with a newly diagnosed personality disorder (or vice versa). Conclusions: Our findings highlighted considerable inconsistencies in the assignment of adult ADHD diagnoses amongst offenders. Whilst ADHD remission in adulthood occurs, the diagnostic variability in our results warrants detailed scrutiny. One possibility is that ADHD has similar fluctuations to conditions like depression, as argued elsewhere. Equally, diagnoses may become “lost”, meaning they are not given even when applicable and replaced by other diagnoses. Additionally, residual symptoms may remain but beyond the diagnostic threshold. This is significant because untreated ADHD can increase re-offending risks and adverse health outcomes.
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- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4106187/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4106187/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 54
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4392985110
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4392985110Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4106187/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in SwitzerlandWork title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-03-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Helen Wyler, Moritz van Wijnkoop, Alexander Smith, Wolfgang Retz, Michael Liebrenz, Anna BuadzeList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4106187/v1Publisher landing page
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https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4106187/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4106187/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
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Criminal justice, Medical diagnosis, Trajectory, Economic Justice, Criminology, Psychology, Psychiatric diagnosis, Psychiatry, Political science, Medicine, Law, Physics, Pathology, Astronomy, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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54Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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