bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
Macronutrient Intake and Dietary Patterns in Indian Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Multicentric I-STARCH-1 Study
November 2025 • Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra, Neeta Deshpande, Sheryl S. Salis, Smriti Gadia, Thamburaj Anthuvan
Abstract The I-STARCH (Indian Study to Assess Real-World CarboHydrate Consumption) investigation quantified decadal changes in macronutrient intake and carbohydrate quality among Indian adults by benchmarking a 2025 multicentric cross-sectional survey against STARCH 2014. A total of 1,104 adults were enrolled from twenty-nine healthcare centres across fourteen Indian states. Each participant completed three non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls, harmonised using the ICMR–NIN Food Composition Tables. Temporal contra…