Macrophages in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: From Immune Homeostasis to Precision-Targeted Therapy Article Swipe
Tian‐Fu Liu
,
Yizhe Wang
,
Yichen Huang
,
Rui Zhao
,
Haili Shen
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102520
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102520
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) represent a diverse spectrum of chronic inflammatory conditions characterized primarily by compromised hepatic immune tolerance, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Recent evidence positions macrophages as pivotal players in AILDs pathogenesis, attributable to their multifaceted roles in inflammation amplification, immune regulation, and fibrogenesis. In the context of AILDs, macrophages exhibit marked polarization imbalance, increased recruitment of monocytes, and impaired clearance of apoptotic cells. Through complex interactions with T lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cells, macrophages orchestrate a pathological milieu promoting inflammation and fibrosis. Notably, diverse programmed cell death (PCD) modalities—autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis—not only determine macrophage survival and functional phenotype but also significantly impact cytokine release, phenotypic plasticity, and the trajectory of immunopathological progression. This review synthesizes current understandings of macrophage-driven immunoregulatory mechanisms in AILDs, characterizes the regulatory attributes of various macrophage-related PCD processes, and evaluates their relevance in experimental disease models. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in biomarker identification and targeted therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive elucidation of the interplay between macrophage immunological activity and programmed cell death pathways promises to inform novel, personalized therapeutic approaches for patients with AILDs.
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Metadata
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- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102520
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/10/2520/pdf?version=1760601375
- OA Status
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- References
- 95
- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4415264218Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102520Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Macrophages in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: From Immune Homeostasis to Precision-Targeted TherapyWork title
- Type
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reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-10-16Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Tian‐Fu Liu, Yizhe Wang, Yichen Huang, Rui Zhao, Haili ShenList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102520Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/10/2520/pdf?version=1760601375Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/10/2520/pdf?version=1760601375Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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95Number of works referenced by this work
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