Marine Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity of MWool® Recycled Wool Fibers: A Circular-Economy-Based Material Article Swipe
Serena Anselmi
,
Francesca Provenza
,
Tecla Bentivoglio
,
Giuseppe Picerno
,
Andrea Cavallo
,
Monia Renzi
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010009
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010009
Pollution of the marine environment by microfibers is considered a problem for ecosystem conservation. The amount of microplastic, localization of sources, and associated ecotoxicity are well known in the literature. Wastewater from washing machines is the main source of microplastic fibers in the aquatic environment, and fabrics made from recycled plastic are widely reused. The circular economy also promotes recycling of dyed natural wool materials as a basis for making new clothing, but in this case, less research has been conducted on the behaviour and effects of recycled wool microfibers in marine ecosystems. MWool® (MW) and MWool® carded (MWc) products made from recycled wool fibers were tested in mesocosms to investigate the biodegradation of wool fibers over a 260-day period and the effects of this process on marine ecosystems in terms of microfiber inputs and the ecotoxicological effects of by-products and chemicals released during degradation. The early degradation process was associated with the loss of artificial pigments from the dyed wool, particularly pink and red, which occurred within 30–90 days of exposure. Mean release of microparticles into contact water is significantly different from control (T0, p < 0.01) at 90 days MWc (36.6 mg/L) and 180 days MW (42.9 mg/L). The biodegradation process is accompanied by swelling of wool fibers, which is associated with a significant increase in mean wool thickness (p < 0.05, 18.8 ± 2.1 µm at T0 vs. 24.0 ± 7.1 µm). In both cases, the contact water was not associated with signs of ecotoxicity for the marine species tested in this study (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Brachionus plicatilis, and Paracentrotus lividus).
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010009
- https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/4/1/9/pdf?version=1679479585
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 24
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4353060998
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4353060998Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010009Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Marine Biodegradability and Ecotoxicity of MWool® Recycled Wool Fibers: A Circular-Economy-Based MaterialWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
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2023-03-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Serena Anselmi, Francesca Provenza, Tecla Bentivoglio, Giuseppe Picerno, Andrea Cavallo, Monia RenziList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010009Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/4/1/9/pdf?version=1679479585Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/4/1/9/pdf?version=1679479585Direct OA link when available
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Wool, Ecotoxicity, Biodegradation, Pulp and paper industry, Microfiber, Environmental science, Waste management, Chemistry, Materials science, Composite material, Toxicity, Engineering, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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4Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2024: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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