Mechanical Behavior of Tunnel Lining with Cracks at Different Positions Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194
Cracks in the lining significantly reduce the safety of a tunnel during operation. It is urgent to figure out the influence of cracks on tunnel carrying capacity. In this paper, three-dimensional model tests were conducted to investigate deformation, internal force, and deterioration laws of the lining with prefabricated cracks at different positions. The main conclusions were obtained as follows: (1) The carrying capacity of the lining structure with prefabricated cracks was reduced, and the deformation of the lining structure increased. The penetration of the vault crown crack accelerated the damage of the lining structure, and structural failure occurred when the crack went through at the left arch spring. (2) The internal force of the lining was greatly affected by the positions of prefabricated cracks. The internal forces of the lining structure decreased with the existence of prefabricated cracks. Whether or not there were prefabricated cracks, tension cracks appeared in the inside fiber of the vault and inverted arch. (3) The deformation of the lining structure with the existence of prefabricated cracks increased. When the prefabricated crack was located at the vault, the deformation was the largest, followed by the arch spring, side wall, and arch shoulder. (4) The analysis shows that prefabricated cracks at the vault are the most damaging under stress and deformation of the lining structure, so longitudinal cracks at the vault should be strengthened.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 19
- References
- 16
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3001544421
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3001544421Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Mechanical Behavior of Tunnel Lining with Cracks at Different PositionsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-01-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jie Su, Yinming Jie, Xiaokai Niu, Chang Liu, Xuan LiuList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Arch, Deformation (meteorology), Materials science, Internal forces, Vault (architecture), Composite material, Geotechnical engineering, Structural engineering, Geology, EngineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
19Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 4, 2023: 6, 2022: 4, 2021: 3, 2020: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
16Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3001544421 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| ids.mag | 3001544421 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3001544421 |
| fwci | 2.69164307 |
| type | article |
| title | Mechanical Behavior of Tunnel Lining with Cracks at Different Positions |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G5978493977 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320322493 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | N2018G029 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Ministry of Railways |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G4439653073 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320323066 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 2019JBM093 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G5149998060 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320322493 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | J2017G001 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | Ministry of Railways |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 194 |
| biblio.first_page | 194 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11046 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| topics[0].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12233 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13596 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9955000281333923 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320322493 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/031wq1t38 |
| funders[0].display_name | Ministry of Railways |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320323066 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01yj56c84 |
| funders[1].display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C11312509 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8091257810592651 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12277 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Arch |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C204366326 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5663209557533264 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Deformation (meteorology) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5486699342727661 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2986502102 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5131822228431702 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291900 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Internal forces |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2780344732 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5054302215576172 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189771 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Vault (architecture) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4623274803161621 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C187320778 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4598124921321869 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.44576820731163025 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3032582700252533 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.15009081363677979 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/arch |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8091257810592651 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Arch |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5663209557533264 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Deformation (meteorology) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5486699342727661 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-forces |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5131822228431702 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Internal forces |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/vault |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5054302215576172 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Vault (architecture) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4623274803161621 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4598124921321869 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.44576820731163025 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3032582700252533 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.15009081363677979 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/sym12020194 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S190787756 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2073-8994 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2073-8994 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Symmetry |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Symmetry |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bf22a9b947c4c889e402b32c7cb5220 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Symmetry, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 194 (2020) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/5bf22a9b947c4c889e402b32c7cb5220 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-8994/12/2/194/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Symmetry |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002509440 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-3793 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jie Su |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yj56c84 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jie Su |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5008132366 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Yinming Jie |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yj56c84 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Yinming Jie |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087910672 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Xiaokai Niu |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210144889 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100037, China. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144889 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03x92hw77 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210144889 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute (China) |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Xiaokai Niu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Beijing Municipal Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100037, China. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029920838 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8075-538X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Chang Liu |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yj56c84 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Chang Liu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100362295 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-7318 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Xuan Liu |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yj56c84 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Beijing Jiaotong University |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Xuan Liu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Mechanical Behavior of Tunnel Lining with Cracks at Different Positions |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11046 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| primary_topic.display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1873335674, https://openalex.org/W3040871996, https://openalex.org/W4321260899, https://openalex.org/W2361531856, https://openalex.org/W2350164742, https://openalex.org/W4229541998, https://openalex.org/W3104243573, https://openalex.org/W2369476024, https://openalex.org/W2335783332, https://openalex.org/W2353828672 |
| cited_by_count | 19 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/sym12020194 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S190787756 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2073-8994 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2073-8994 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Symmetry |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Symmetry |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/sym12020194 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S190787756 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2073-8994 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2073-8994 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Symmetry |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/2/194/pdf?version=1580126003 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Symmetry |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020194 |
| publication_date | 2020-01-27 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1167409388, https://openalex.org/W2999812717, https://openalex.org/W2413164863, https://openalex.org/W3011202378, https://openalex.org/W2883898918, https://openalex.org/W2789279967, https://openalex.org/W2513115567, https://openalex.org/W1972664153, https://openalex.org/W2231914255, https://openalex.org/W2286098068, https://openalex.org/W2338508067, https://openalex.org/W2898791313, https://openalex.org/W2921832112, https://openalex.org/W2756017815, https://openalex.org/W2958990132, https://openalex.org/W2362346700 |
| referenced_works_count | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 49, 103, 178, 203, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 118, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 1, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 21, 43, 63, 75, 82, 90, 112, 121, 127, 135, 152, 161, 168, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 16, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(4) | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 52, 60, 80, 109, 124, 159, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 40, 72, 94, 155, 193, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 2, 6, 19, 44, 64, 73, 76, 83, 88, 91, 99, 104, 113, 119, 128, 133, 149, 153, 162, 166, 173, 179, 181, 184, 188, 204, 207, 215, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 70, 115, 176, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arch | 106, 189, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laws | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.left | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.went | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 33, 55, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 46, 67, 132, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arch. | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crack | 86, 100, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crown | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fiber | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.force | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vault | 84, 154, 205, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wall, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cracks | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cracks | 22, 48, 69, 146, 170, 202, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.figure | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.force, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forces | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inside | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lining | 3, 45, 65, 77, 92, 114, 129, 163, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunnel | 10, 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urgent | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vault, | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Whether | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cracks, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cracks. | 123, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greatly | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.located | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spring, | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spring. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tension | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affected | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appeared | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carrying | 25, 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damaging | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.follows: | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 38, 110, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inverted | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.largest, | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurred | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existence | 134, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positions | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shoulder. | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 66, 78, 130, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased. | 79, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positions. | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure, | 93, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerated | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclusions | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deformation | 74, 160, 182, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.penetration | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deformation, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deterioration | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prefabricated | 47, 68, 122, 136, 143, 169, 174, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strengthened. | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 30 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5002509440 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I21193070 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6499999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Sustainable cities and communities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.88088948 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |