Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance Article Swipe
Antonio Tonutti
,
Francesca Motta
,
Natasa Isailovic
,
Carlo Selmi
,
Suraj Timilsina
,
M. Eric Gershwin
,
Maria De Santis
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the onset of multiple, seemingly unrelated, autoimmune diseases. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has also been implicated in the unmasking and/or production of multiple autoantibodies, even in the absence of clinical disease. Despite such data, it remains unclear whether antibodies targeting antiviral signaling proteins and mitochondrial antigens reflect bystander activation or alternatively contribute to de novo viral immune escape mechanisms. With these comments in mind, a variety of professional antibody presenting cells and including lung resident macrophages of COVID-19 infected patients are impacted and dependent on the uptake of antibody-opsonized virus by Fcγ receptors; yet infection is aborted via antibody-dependent effector mechanisms or pyroptosis, possibly leading to autoantibody production, and autoinflammatory manifestations, respectively. TRIM21/Ro52, a cytosolic E3-ubiquitin ligase with an Fc-gamma receptor domain, functions as an intracytoplasmic antibody receptor, directs immune complexes binding virions but also autoantigens to autophagy. During autophagy, Ig-virions-TRIM21/Ro52-autoantigens complexes bind directly to class II human leukocyte antigen in lysosomal compartment, leading to subsequent presentation on the cell surface. This process favors the development of a specific humoral immune response but has the potential to lead to loss of tolerance. Interestingly, TRIM21/Ro52 can also contribute to pyroptosis. We propose that TRIM21/Ro52 is well-placed at the crossroad between the inflammatory response and clinical autoimmunity.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567
- OA Status
- hybrid
- References
- 68
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410594083
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4410594083Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune toleranceWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-05-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Antonio Tonutti, Francesca Motta, Natasa Isailovic, Carlo Selmi, Suraj Timilsina, M. Eric Gershwin, Maria De SantisList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pyroptosis, Immune system, Biology, Immunology, Autoimmunity, Antibody, Autoantibody, Inflammation, Antigen, Virology, InflammasomeTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
68Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4410594083 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40412200 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4410594083 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D007108 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Immune Tolerance |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D007249 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Inflammation |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000276 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D001323 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | immunology |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Autoantibodies |
| type | review |
| title | Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 95 |
| biblio.last_page | 102567 |
| biblio.first_page | 102567 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320321781 |
| grants[0].award_id | |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Ministero della Salute |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11078 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | Inflammasome and immune disorders |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10041 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[2].display_name | COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321781 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00789fa95 |
| funders[0].display_name | Ministero della Salute |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 4120 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 4120 |
| apc_paid.value | 4120 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 4120 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C17172800 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7721143960952759 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7263707 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pyroptosis |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C8891405 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7074757218360901 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Immune system |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6647003889083862 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.645041286945343 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2780130043 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5707143545150757 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Autoimmunity |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C159654299 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5422196984291077 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Antibody |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C163764329 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5066002607345581 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785022 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Autoantibody |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2776914184 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.44172003865242004 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Inflammation |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C147483822 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.44139364361763 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Antigen |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.37112241983413696 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2777209026 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2876087427139282 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412405 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Inflammasome |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pyroptosis |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7721143960952759 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pyroptosis |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7074757218360901 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Immune system |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6647003889083862 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.645041286945343 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmunity |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5707143545150757 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Autoimmunity |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5422196984291077 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Antibody |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/autoantibody |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5066002607345581 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Autoantibody |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation |
| keywords[7].score | 0.44172003865242004 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Inflammation |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen |
| keywords[8].score | 0.44139364361763 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Antigen |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.37112241983413696 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammasome |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2876087427139282 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Inflammasome |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S170047187 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0952-7915, 1879-0372 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0952-7915 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40412200 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Current opinion in immunology |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40412200 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016450791 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9534-6853 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Antonio Tonutti |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1339471597, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/020dggs04 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Humanitas University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05d538656 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210153126, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Antonio Tonutti |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002460746 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-2734 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Francesca Motta |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1339471597, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/020dggs04 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Humanitas University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05d538656 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210153126, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Francesca Motta |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004803983 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-8822 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Natasa Isailovic |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05d538656 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210153126, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Natasa Isailovic |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003030575 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-0376 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Carlo Selmi |
| authorships[3].countries | IT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1339471597, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected]. |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/020dggs04 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Humanitas University |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05d538656 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210153126, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Carlo Selmi |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected]. |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079209544 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-3878 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Suraj Timilsina |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05rrcem69 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of California, Davis |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Suraj Timilsina |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029678899 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-2680 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | M. Eric Gershwin |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05rrcem69 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84218800 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of California, Davis |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Merrill Eric Gershwin |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5075511405 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-1336 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Maria De Santis |
| authorships[6].countries | IT |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1339471597, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/020dggs04 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1339471597 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Humanitas University |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05d538656 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210153126, https://openalex.org/I4210163047 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Maria De Santis |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11078 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Inflammasome and immune disorders |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3006826877, https://openalex.org/W2904552328, https://openalex.org/W4315754280, https://openalex.org/W3030255104, https://openalex.org/W3016527951, https://openalex.org/W3039374476, https://openalex.org/W4286252599, https://openalex.org/W3028605977, https://openalex.org/W3017185797, https://openalex.org/W2070377986 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S170047187 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0952-7915, 1879-0372 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0952-7915 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S170047187 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0952-7915, 1879-0372 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0952-7915 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Current Opinion in Immunology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567 |
| publication_date | 2025-05-22 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3112078636, https://openalex.org/W3207712170, https://openalex.org/W4200092905, https://openalex.org/W4380991779, https://openalex.org/W3196963771, https://openalex.org/W3159543693, https://openalex.org/W4391112620, https://openalex.org/W6848845303, https://openalex.org/W3011498764, https://openalex.org/W3167578500, https://openalex.org/W2624708877, https://openalex.org/W2012584392, https://openalex.org/W4404814325, https://openalex.org/W4389368687, https://openalex.org/W3085373049, https://openalex.org/W3154696777, https://openalex.org/W6875251832, https://openalex.org/W3112902030, https://openalex.org/W4200597402, https://openalex.org/W4396758972, https://openalex.org/W4283577401, https://openalex.org/W4380423303, https://openalex.org/W3157297170, https://openalex.org/W4200510971, https://openalex.org/W4220791322, https://openalex.org/W4214729770, https://openalex.org/W3203856527, https://openalex.org/W2793386424, https://openalex.org/W2895910749, https://openalex.org/W3133140306, https://openalex.org/W6846785763, https://openalex.org/W4284968495, https://openalex.org/W6790581633, https://openalex.org/W3179695110, https://openalex.org/W4322621299, https://openalex.org/W2202022139, https://openalex.org/W1826391515, https://openalex.org/W2518191482, https://openalex.org/W2016103707, https://openalex.org/W2624684883, https://openalex.org/W4403900939, https://openalex.org/W3155160739, https://openalex.org/W4394568065, https://openalex.org/W3169149580, https://openalex.org/W4378188735, https://openalex.org/W4205252391, https://openalex.org/W4402378671, https://openalex.org/W6804962614, https://openalex.org/W4225890110, https://openalex.org/W4225159577, https://openalex.org/W2037311267, https://openalex.org/W2924721436, https://openalex.org/W4408893843, https://openalex.org/W4400878705, https://openalex.org/W4403554872, https://openalex.org/W4401918639, https://openalex.org/W3144674846, https://openalex.org/W2743875209, https://openalex.org/W3196811908, https://openalex.org/W4404620759, https://openalex.org/W4200220924, https://openalex.org/W4386525140, https://openalex.org/W4306168222, https://openalex.org/W4405494913, https://openalex.org/W4315646781, https://openalex.org/W4304892810, https://openalex.org/W3132840431, https://openalex.org/W4200431500 |
| referenced_works_count | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 74, 123, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.II | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 128, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.de | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 8, 26, 35, 72, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 105, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 31, 38, 76, 86, 97, 176, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 94, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 59, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 3, 20, 62, 115, 146, 154, 164, 186, 188, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 53, 81, 92, 118, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 143, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 5, 22, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 27, 36, 95, 168, 174, 184, 206, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yet | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fcγ | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.With | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 23, 144, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 6, 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bind | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lung | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novo | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.class | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mind, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.During | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and/or | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.escape | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.favors | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 1, 18, 66, 139, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ligase | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uptake | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Despite | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aborted | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absence | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigen | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binding | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directs | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domain, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.humoral | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leading | 114, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virions | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19 | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fc-gamma | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibody | 78, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigens | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 39, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comments | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directly | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effector | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacted | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infected | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possibly | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resident | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 2, 19, 181, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bystander | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexes | 140, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crossroad | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytosolic | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependent | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leukocyte | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lysosomal | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seemingly | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signaling | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeting | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unmasking | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 4, 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activation | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibodies | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoimmune | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autophagy, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autophagy. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 61, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implicated | 7, 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presenting | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptors; | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance. | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unrelated, | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TRIM21/Ro52 | 193, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.macrophages | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms. | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pyroptosis, | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pyroptosis. | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-placed | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.E3-ubiquitin | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TRIM21/Ro52, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoantibody | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoantigens | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compartment, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammatory | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presentation | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.professional | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternatively | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoimmunity. | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitochondrial | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interestingly, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoantibodies, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manifestations, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoinflammatory | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intracytoplasmic | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibody-dependent | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibody-opsonized | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ig-virions-TRIM21/Ro52-autoantigens | 150 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6000000238418579 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.18470645 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |